GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 



551 



large quantities are annually exported, chiefly 

 by Kritish merchants. Oporto is the ancient 

 Portus calensis. Population, 180,215. 



Oregon or Columbia, the largest of 

 North American rivers emptying into the Pacific, 



a the Rocky Mountains. After pursuing 

 a somewhat devious course it empties into the 



i. <-t ween Point Adams and Cape Disap- 

 pointment. At it- mouth it is from five to six 

 miles in width. Vessels of considerable tonnage 



iscend about 100 miles above its mouth, 



as Fort Vancouver. 



Orinoco, one of the great rivers of South 

 America, has its origin on the slopes of the Sierra 

 I'arima. in the extreme southeast of Venezuela; 

 its exact sources were only discovered in 1886, 

 by ( haffanjon. It flows at first west by north, 

 a mountain-stream. A little below Esmeralda 

 it divides and sends off to the south an arm, 



sjijuiare. which, after a course of 180 



enters the Rio Negro, a tributary of the 

 A ma /on. The other branch on reaching San 

 IVrnando, is met by the strong current of the 

 (inaviare; the united stream then turns due 

 north, and, after passing over the magnificent 



ts of Maypures and Atures, and picking 

 up tin- Meta on the left, meets the Apure, which 



K strikes it from the left. Below the con- 

 wit h the Apure, the Orinoco turns east 

 ami traverses the llanos of Venezuela, its \\ atn-s. 

 with an average breadth of four miles, being 



Mted from the right by the Caura and the 

 Caroni. About IL'<) miles from the Atlantic. 

 into which it rolls its milk-white flood, its delta 



square miles) begins. Of the numerous 

 mouths \\hich reach the ocean over 165 miles 



-t line only seven are navigable. 

 Orleans (or40-oit')j English (or'/e-anz), a 

 France, the capital of the department 



rot, about seventy-six miles southwest of 



It is situated on the right bank of the 



Loire, and on the edge of the Forest of Orleans. 



which is 146 square miles in extent. The city is 



well and regularly built, and has a large trade, 



veral manufactures. Its cathedral, which 



nly from the Seventeenth Century, is one 

 of the finest (lothic edifices j n France. The 

 city w ,1 by the English in 1128, and 



was saved by the heroism of Joan of Arc, whose 



is still preserved, and of whom the city 



contains three statues. It gives its name to the 



- of Orleans, of which the Bourbons 



ite the principal branch. Population, 



Ox;il x; , <>/; ( Ua. an important city of 

 i Japan, at the he:i<| of the gulf of" the 

 :<ame ii ,t the mouth of the 



which issues from I.:ike I'.iwa. The city 



of about eight square miles, aii.f is inter 

 [ft. It- fine caslle. tin- M, 



whose walls are of astonishing size, was con- 



and the palace, built afterward 



- < 1 in I si,s, was per- 

 structup 

 lion. sj| 

 < Mlau .1. -v m tin- province of < Mitario. 



minion of Canada, on i! 



bank of the nttnwa, about ninety miles above 

 it- confluence with St. !.< u miles west 



<: Montreal, and on the < 



way. The city, divided into the Upper and 

 Lower town by the Rideau Canal, has wide 

 streets crossing at right angles, and some of the 

 finest buildings in the Dominion. The chief are 

 the government buildings, constructed of light- 

 colored sandstone, in tlie Italian-Gothic style. 

 They stand on elevated ground, commanding a 

 fine view, and form three sides of a quadrangle, 

 the south front being formed by the houses of 

 parliament building, which is 500 feet long, and 

 containing the halls for the meetings of the Do- 

 minion Senate and House of Commons. There 

 is a library forming a detached circular building, 

 with a dome ninety feet high. The buildings 



I cover about four acres, and are said to have cost 

 $4,000,000. The educational institutions in- 

 clude a Roman Catholic College, the Canadian 

 Institute, the Mechanics' Institute, and Athencp- 

 um, etc. Ottawa has important and increasing 

 manufactures, and is the great center of the 

 lumber trade. It is connected with Hull, on the 

 Quebec side of the Ottawa, by a suspension 

 bridge. Ottawa was founded in 1827 by Colonel 

 By, and until 1854 was known as Bytown. On 

 April 26, 1900, it, with Hull, suffered severely 



I from fire. Population, 59,928. 



Ottawa, a river in the Dominion of Canada, 

 forming for a considerable part of its length the 

 boundary between the provinces of Quebec and 



I Ontario. It rises in the high land which sepa- 



I rates the basin of Hudson's Bay from that of the 

 St. Lawrence, and after a course of some 750 

 miles discharges into the St. Lawrence above the 



I island of Montreal. Six miles above the city of 

 Ottawa, rapids begin which terminate in the 

 Chaudiere Falls, where the river, here 200 feet 

 wide, takes a leap of forty feet. Its banks, 

 mostly elevated, offer magnificent scenery. 

 Immense quantities of valuable timber are 

 floated down the Ottawa from the wooded 

 regions of the interior to Ottawa city, where it 

 is manufactured into lumber. 



Oxford, a city and county borough in 1 -Inn- 

 lam I: capital of Oxford County, and seat of 

 one of the most celebrated universities in the 

 world; about fifty miles west-north \ve-t of Lon- 



i don, on a gentle acclivity between the Cherwell 

 and the Thames, here called the Isis. Of the 

 university buildings, the most remarkable are 

 Christ's Church, the largest and grandest of all 

 the colleges, with a fine quadrangle and other 

 buildings, a noble avenue of tn- road 



Walk), the cathedral serving as its cha; 

 dalen College, considered to be the most beauti- 

 ful and complete i.i" all: llalliol College, with a 

 modern front (1867-1869), and a modern (iothic 

 chapel; Brasonose Collrgr; and Ne\\ College 

 more than "><<) years ( ,| j eooriftfalg of 



the original buildings, and e-pec tally note.i 

 its gardens ami cloisters; besides the SheMonian 

 Theater, a public hall of the university; the 

 new examination schools, new museum. Bodl 

 Library. Ka.lclilTe Library, and other buil.l 

 belonging to the university. Oxford 



.v on the university, and on its attractions 

 as a place of residence. Population, 4> 

 Pacific Ocean, the largest of tl 

 great oceans, lying lx*t worn America on the east, 

 and Asia, Mal:i Australasia on the west. 



The name "Pacific," given to it by Magellan, 



