GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL, ARCHITECTURE 



577 





flowing through Albert Nyanza eighty miles to 

 the north, between which two lakes lies the 

 territory of Uganda. 



Vienna (German, Wien), the capital of the 

 Austrian Empire, situated on the right bank of 

 the Danube, in a small plain at the foot of the 

 Wiener Wald. It is divided into an old and a 

 new town, the, former occupying a small semi- 

 circle near the Danube, and being still, not- 

 withstanding that its streets are narrow and 

 often crooked, the seat of the court and the 

 center of fashionable life. Round this portion 

 of the city (which contains, besides the Imperial 

 palace, the magnificent Gothic cathedral of St. 

 Stephen, and the university, founded in 1635) 

 is a zone 1,300 feet in breadth, known as the 

 This space was formerly occupied by 

 fortifications, but it is now laid out in boule- 

 vards, with palaces and other noble buildings. 

 It is separated from the old town by the Ring- 

 strasse, which is more than two miles long, 

 nearly two hundred feet wide, and bordered on 

 hot h sides by trees. The new part of the city 

 contains many handsome edifices. To the 

 southwest is the castle of Schonbrunn, the sum- 

 mer palace of the emperor, surrounded by a 

 large and ' admirably laid-out garden ; and 

 are several other fine palatial residences 

 in the same quarter of the city. Altogether, 

 the city has a circumference of sixteen miles. 

 It has large manufactures of silk-stuffs, as 

 well as of meerschaum pipes and other fancy 

 art ides, and does a verv considerable trade in 

 grain. In fact, Vienna is the great emporium 

 of the western province of Austria. It is an 

 ancient town, and was a place of importance 

 even in Roman times, when it bore the name of 

 Vindobona. In modern history it is celebrated as 

 the scene of numerous congresses, notably of that 

 generally known as the Congress of Vienna 

 (1814-15), for the rearrangement of the affairs of 

 Europe after the abdication of the Emperor 

 Napoleon. During the revolution of 1848 the 

 city was held for a short time by the insurgents, 

 and was bombarded. Population, 1,856,949. 



Greatest of the World 



LOCATION HEIGHT (FEET) 



Ecuador 17,710 



Ecuador, . . 

 Ecuador, . . 



Peru 



iVrsia. . . . 

 ... 



Japan, . . . 

 Iceland. . . . 

 Oregon. . . . 

 Mrx.ro. . . . 

 K:imrli:ilk:i. 



Huh- 



Hawaii. . . . 

 Hawaii. . . . 

 Peru 



v . . 

 M. 



IVru 



Ecuador. . 

 Chile, 



Unitd'8taU.' 

 Lipari Island*. 



C.'itmr 



Volcanoes, 



or VOLCANO 



.vend. . 



iti. . 

 itcheoskaia, 



I lull-llll-ic 



EMM K,-:,. 



Manna La*, 



Muti. . . . . 



,., 



I'ico. I'wik Of, 



Mt 



Tahiti. IV.-ik of, 

 TMMriffe. . . . 



. . . 

 Vesuvius, . . 



6,110 

 11.994 



21.000 



13.958 



talooo 



10.015 



1 7. .'.so 

 7.ni:; 

 17.7M 



17.4im 



80.090 



IS. 010 



&.090 



M.-M.-. 

 Italy. 



18.000 



I4.U.VI 

 .!.'.. 4S 



Volga, the most important river of Russia, 

 and the longest in Europe, has its origin in a 

 marshy plain among the Valdai Hills, in the 

 government of Tver. Its source is 550 feet 

 above ordinary sea level and 633 above the 

 Caspian ; its length, 2,000 miles. 



Wales, a principality in the southwest of 

 the island of Great Britain, which, since Edward 

 I., gives the title of Prince of Wales to the heir- 

 apparent of the British Crown; area, 7,442 

 square miles; population included in that of 

 England. It is divided into twelve counties. 

 As a whole it is very mountainous, particularly 

 in the north, where Snowdon, the culminating 

 point of South Britain, rises to the height ot 

 3,571 feet; and it is intersected by beautiful 

 valleys, traversed by numerous streams, includ- 

 ing, among others, the large River Severn. It 

 is rich in minerals, particularly coal, iron, cop- 

 per, and even gold, and to these Wales owes its 

 chief wealth. The 'coal trade is most extensive, 

 and Cardiff is the largest coal port in the world. 

 In 1898 -about 24,000,000 tons of coal were pro- 

 duced in Wales. Iron, steel, and copper works 

 are also on a large scale. Besides tne mineral 

 industries, there are considerable woolen manu- 

 factures, especially of flannel, coarse cloth, and 

 hosiery. The Welsh have many strange cus- 

 toms and peculiar superstitions. They are re- 

 markably fond of poetry and music, and their 

 language is said to be peculiarly adapted to 

 poetical effusions. Their ancient language is, 

 nowever, falling fast into disuse throughout the 

 principality, more especially the southern part. 

 Family distinction is held in great estimation. 

 The aboriginal Celtic race still inhabits some 

 parts of the country. Llewellyn ap Grvffydd 

 was the last prince who exerted himself for the 

 independence of Wales. In 1282 he was sub- 

 dued by Edward I., and fell on the field of battle. 

 From that time Wales has been annexed to the 

 English Crown ; but the union was not complete 

 till the reign of Henry VI 1 1., when the govern- 

 ment and laws were assimilated with those of 

 England. 



Warsaw, the chief city of Russian Poland, 

 and the capital of the Kingdom of Poland from 

 towards the close of the Sixteenth Century to the 

 final partition of the kingdom in 1795. It is sit u- 

 ated on the left bank of the Vistula, about 320 

 miles east of Berlin.. It possesses a cathedral 

 which dates from the Thirteenth (Vntury, and 

 a large number of palaces and other imposing 

 buildings, situated in broad and DttttMOM 

 squares; but for the most part the city i* irregu- 

 larly built and of indifferent appearance, tne 

 ,<dern buildings being in the suburbs, 

 with one of whieh. IVaga, on the opposite side 

 of the Vistula, the < -it y is connected by a bridge 

 of boats. The whole city is defended, or rather 

 overawed, by a vast citadel, erected by the 

 Russians, under the I m|en>r Nicholas. Warsaw 

 i the residence of an archbishop, who is primate 

 of Poland. Its university, founded in 1816, was 

 suppressed after the insurrection of 18.'*" 

 was reoix-ned in 1864. The city is the principal 

 seat of both the tnanufactures and the trade of 

 Poland. Its annual fairs are much frequented, 

 and it carries on a large commercial intercourse, 

 not only with Cracow and Dantzic by the Vis- 



