GEOGRAPHY, TRAVEL. ARCHITECTURE 



581 



square miles. It is readily accessible by a branch 

 of the Northern Pacific Railway. Its surface 

 is mainly an undulating plain, diversified, how- 

 ever, by great mountain ranges, one of which, 

 the Absaraka, a range separating the waters of 

 the Yellowstone River (which see) from those of 

 the Big Horn, contains some of the grandest 

 scenery in the United States. The whole region 

 exhibits an endless variety of wild volcanic 

 scenery hot springs, mud volcanoes, geysers, 

 s, waterfalls, etc. The geysers are more 

 remarkable than those of Iceland, and the 

 Crand (ieyser in Firehole Basin is the most 

 icent natural fountain in the world. The 

 Yellow-tone Lake, one of many, is a magnificent 

 ; water, with an area of 150 square miles. 

 part of the park is covered with forest. 

 :it legislation protects the game, with the 

 that elk, deer, antelope, bear, and bison 

 taken refuge in it. 



Yokohama, the chief port of entry in 

 Japan, ami the headquarters of foreign shipping 

 companies banks, consulates, and commerce 

 generally. Yokohama is a poorly-laid-out town 

 witli narrow, winding streets. The Bluff, how- 

 onceded for residence in 1867, is a beauti- 

 t, commanding fine views of Fuji-san and 

 of Yokohama Bay. The bay is beautiful. Work 

 on a large harbor was carried out in 1889^-1896; 

 i closed by two breakwaters one and one- 

 fourth miles long, and an iron pier, 1,900 feet 

 The foreign community here is the largest 

 country. Silk represents three-fifths of 

 I >orts, the rest being other tissues, tea, rice, 

 ropjKT. curios, etc.; the imports are cottons 

 ami woolens, raw sugar, oils, metals, chemicals, 

 arm-, an<l ammunition, watches, etc. 'The an- 

 \ ports from Yokohama are valued at 

 '.ODO. the imports at $27,000,000. Popu- 



York British, Caer Effroc, or Ebroc ; Latin, 

 Ebor&cum), a cathedral city and archbishop's 

 ace, a municipal and parliamentary borough, 

 ami capital of Yorkshire, 188 miles north of 

 I/ union ly rail, is situated at the confluence of 

 ofl and the Ouse. The city proper, em- 

 bracing a circuit of nearly three miles, was 

 1 by walls, restored by Edward I., the 

 |x>rtions of which still remaining have been con- 

 into promenades, commanding a pros- 

 t the surrounding country. There are 

 'juaint, old-fashioned houses in the narrow 

 <>f it- older |>ortion. The great object 

 iction. however, is the mili-tor or cathe- 

 dral, the finest i M i;n L '|;i!)d. York wan the 

 capital of Roman Britain. It was made an 

 archiepiacopal see by Edwin of Northun 



il ranks -econd am." , cities. 



hhMiop having the title of Primate of 



I. and its chief magistrate takes the title 



i mayor. It was incorporated by Henry 



., and the city boundaries were extended in 



local, and the industries 



unimportant l'..p'ilaii.n. 77 

 "S i-k Minster, one of the d 



cathedral-;. ua-> dim-rent periods, and 



on the -itr ,,f former buildings. The lir-t <'hn- 



tian church erected here, which appears to have 



:'! by a Roman temple, was built 



hrin, King of Northumbi ood, in 



625, and of stone about 635. It was damaged 

 by fire in 741, and was rebuilt by Archbishop 

 Albert about 780. It was again destroyed by 

 fire hi the year 1069, and rebuilt by Archbishop 

 Thomas. It was once more burnt down in 

 1137, with St. Mary's Abbey, and thirty-nine 

 parish churches hi York. Archbishop Roger be- 

 gan to build the choir in 1171; Walter Gray 

 added the south transept in 1227; John de 

 Romayne, the treasurer of the cathedral, built 

 the north transept in 1260. His son, the arch- 

 bishop, laid the foundation of the nave in l-'.M. 

 In 1330, William de Melton built the two west- 

 ern towers, which were finished by John de 

 Birmingham in 1342. Archbishop Tnoresby, in 

 1361, began to rebuild the choir, in accordance 

 with the magnificence of the nave, and he also 

 rebuilt the lantern tower. Thus, by many 

 hands, and many contributions of multitudes 

 on the promise of indulgences, this magnificent 

 fabric was completed. It was first set on fire 

 by Jonathan Martin, a lunatic, and the roof of 

 the choir and its internal fittings destroyed, 

 February 2, 1829; the damage, estimated at 

 $300,000, was repaired in 1832. An accidental 

 fire broke out, which in one hour reduced 

 the belfry to a shell, destroyed the roof of the 

 nave, and much damaged the edifice, May 20, 

 1840. 



Yo- Semite (yfi-sem'i-te) Valley, one of the 

 greatest natural wonders of North America, is 

 in Mariposa County, California, about 140 miles 

 southeast of San Francisco and midway be- 

 tween the eastern and western bases of the 

 Sierra Nevada. It is a narrow valley at an ele- 

 vation of 4,000 feet above the sea, and is itself 

 nearly level, about six miles in length, and vary- 

 ing in width from one-half mile to a mile. On 

 each side rise enormous domes and almost verti- 

 cal cliffs of granite, one of them called the Half 

 Dome, being 4,737 feet higher than the Kiver 

 Merced at its base, while the more important 

 waterfalls arc the Yosemite and the Bridal Veil. 

 This valley has been added by Congress to the 

 State of California, on condition that it shall be 

 kept as a public park or free domain " inalien- 

 able for all time." 



Yukon, a great river of Ala-ka. rises in 

 British territory, and after of 2. (KM) 



miles falls, by a number of mouths forming n 

 delta, into the Bering Sen; it is navigable 

 nearly throughout, and its waters swarm with 

 -almon three months in the year. -ome of them 



! from eighty to TJO pounds in weight, and from 



] five to six feet lung. 



Zambesi, one of the four great African 

 river-, and the fourth largest as regards Loth 

 the volume of its waters and the area it dram-. 

 the other three being the Nile, the Congo, and the 

 it- head streams being the Lungvhungo, 

 the Lech i and I/oearabve. It \- < i> pa- 



tera! region, and it falls into the Indian Ocean 

 after a coiir I nearly 1 .lino mile-, m which it 



drains 600,000 square mile* of territory, or an 



are;i three time* btMBf than that ,.f I'r.mce. 

 I 



tchcs. At 90O miles from its 

 mouth it plunge* in a cataract known as the 

 . and which rivals in grandeur thone 

 even of Niai 



