GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 



587 



lature of each state shall direct, to meet in Congress on 

 the first Monday in November, in every year, with a 

 power reserved to each state, to recal its delegates, or 

 any of them, at any time within the year, and to send 



in their stead, for the remainder of the Year. 



No state shall be represented in Congress by less than 



r by more than seven Members; and no person 



shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three 



years in any term of six years: nor shall any person, be- 



ing a delegate, be capable of holding any office under 



the united states, for which he, or another for his benefit 



- any salary, fees or emolument of any kind. 

 Each state shall maintain its own delegates in a meet- 



ing of the states, and while they act as members of the 



tee of the states. 



In determining questions in the united states, in Con- 



ambled, each state shall have one vote. 

 : >m of speech and debate in Congress shall not 

 be impeached or Questioned in any Court, or place out 

 of Congress, and the members of congress shall be pro- 

 i their persons from arrests and imprisonments, 

 during tin- time of their going to and from, and attend- 

 : congress, except for treason, felony, or breach 

 of the peace. 



:. No state without the Consent of the 



united states in congress assembled, shall send any em- 



bassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into 



.ference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any 



r state; nor shall any person holding any 



office of profit or trust under the united states, or any 



of them, accept of any present, emolument, office or 



title of any kind whatever from any king, prince or 



foreign state; nor shall the united states in congress 



assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. 



No two or more states shall enter into any treaty, 



it ion or alliance whatever between them, with- 



out the consent of the united states in congress assem- 



bled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the 



same is to be entered into, and how long it shall 



nue. 



No state shall lay any imposts or duties, which may 

 interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into 

 by the united states in congress assembled with any 

 lung, prince or state, in pursuance of any treaties al- 

 ready proposed by congress to the courts of France and 

 Spain. 



No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by 

 any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed 

 necessary by the united states in congress assembled, 

 for the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any 

 forces be kept up by any state, in time of peace, 

 -uch number only, as in the judgment of the 

 united states, in congress assembled, shall be deemed 

 requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence 

 of such state: but every state 'shall always keep up a 

 well regulated and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed 

 and accoutred, and shall provide and constantly have 

 ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field- 

 pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammu- 

 ^^^^HB find canip (JH i ui piigo. 



No state shall engage in any war without the consent 

 of the united states in congress assembled, unless such 

 state be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have 

 received certain advice of a resolution being formed by 

 some n.: iians to invade such state, and the 



dancer is so imminent as not to admit of a delay, till 

 the united states in congress assembled can be consulted: 

 nor shall any state grant commissions to any ships or 

 vessels of war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except 

 it be after a declaration of war by the united states in 

 BongTMS assembled, and then only against the kingdom 

 or state and the subjects thereof, against which \\.-ir 

 has been so declared, and under such regulations as 

 hall be established by the united states in congress 

 assembled, unless such state be infested by pirates, in 

 .i*e vessels of war may be fitted ...it for th.it 

 occasion, and kept so long as the dancer shall continue. 

 the united states in congress assembled shall 



determine oih.-rwi-.-. 



When land-forces are raised by any 

 state for the common defence, all officers of or under the 

 rnnk of r.|..ncl. shall be appointed by the legislature of 

 each state respectively by whom urh forces shall be 

 raised, or m -M. h manner as such state shall direct, 

 and ail vacancies nhnll be filled up by the state which 



ule the appointment. 



ARTK I.K vui. All charges of war. and all other ex- 

 that shall be incurr.-.l for the common defence or 

 welfare, and allowed by the united states in 

 assembled. ahull be defrayed out of a c 

 which shall be supplied by the several states. 



treasury, which shall be supplied 

 rtion to the value of all l 



granted to or surveyed for any 



land within each state. 

 Person, as such land 



and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be 

 estimated according to such mode as the united states 

 in congress assembled, shall from time to time direct 

 and appoint. 



The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid 

 and levied by the authority and direction of the legis- 

 latures of the several states within the time agreed 

 upon by the united states in congress assembled. 



ARTICLE ix. The united states in congress assem- 

 bled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power 

 of determining on peace and war, except in the cases 

 mentioned in the sixth article of sending and receiv- 

 ing embassadors entering into treaties and alliance*, 

 provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made 

 whereby the legislative power of the respective states 

 shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and 

 duties on foreigners, as their own people are subjected 

 to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importa- 

 tion of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever 



of establishing rules for deciding in all cases, what 

 captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what 

 manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the serv- 

 ice of the united states shall be divided or appropriated 



of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times 

 of peace appointing courts for the trial of piracies 

 and felonies committed on the high seas and establish- 

 ing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals 

 in all cases of captures, provided that no member of 

 congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said 

 courts. 



The united states in congress assembled shall also be 

 the last resort on appeal in all disputes and difference* 

 now subsisting or that hereafter may :tn~. between two 

 or more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any 

 other cause whatever; which authority shall always be 

 exercised in the manner following: Whenever the legis- 

 lative or executive authority or lawful agent of any 

 state in controversy with another shall present a peti- 

 tion to congress stating the matter in question and 

 praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by 

 order of congress to the legislative or executive author- 

 ity of the other state in controversy, and a day assigned 

 for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, 

 who shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent, 

 commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing' 

 and determining the matter in question: but if they 

 cannot agree, congress shall name three persons out of 

 each of the united states, and from the list of such per- 

 sons each party shall alternately strike out one. the 

 petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced 

 to thirteen; and from that number not less thai 

 nor more than nine names as congress shall direct, 

 shall in the presence of congress be drawn out by lot, 

 and the persons whose names shall be so drawn or any 

 five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear 

 and finally determine the controversy, so always as a 

 major part of the judges who shall hear the cause shall 

 agree in the determination: and if either party shall 

 neglect to attend at the day appoint^!, without show- 

 ing reasons, which congress shall judge sufficient, or 

 being present shall refuse to strike, the congress shall 

 proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, 

 and the secretary of congress shall strike in behalf of 

 such party absent or refusing; and the judgment and 

 sentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner 

 before prescribed, shall be final and COM. lu-i\c; and if 

 any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority 

 of such court, or to appear or defend their claim or 

 cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce 

 sentence, or judgment, which shall in like manner be 

 final and decisive, the judgment or sentence and other 

 proceedings being in either case transmitted to congress, 

 and lodged among the acts of congress for the security 

 of the parties concerned: provided that every eommis- 

 r. before he sits in judgment, shall take an oath to 

 be administered by one of the judge* of the supreme or 

 superior court of the state, where the cause shall be 

 tried, "well and truly to hear and determine the matter 

 in question, according to the best 



out favour, affection or hope of 

 that no state shall be deprived of territory for the benefit 

 of the united states, 

 Ml MBtl 



I lit., .-r different 

 whose j.i 



line the private right of soil 

 ante of two or more states, 

 ey may respect such land*, and 

 such gi 



the state* which passed such grants are adjusted, the 

 aid Kr:u,- M IMM M lEssl MM :,t t'.e HfM 

 claimed to have originated antecedent to such 

 ment of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of * 

 of the united states, be ' 



