GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 



On the part and behalf of the State of Virginia, 

 RICHAKD HKXKY LEE, JNO HARVIK, 



JOHN BAMSTKK, FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE. 



THOMAS ADAMS. 



On the part and behalf of the State of North Carolina. 

 JOHN PENN, July 21, 1778, JNO. WILLIAMS. 

 CORNS. HAHNETT, 



On the part and behalf of the State of South Carolina. 

 HKNKY I. M KENS, RICHARD HUTSON, 



WILLIAM HENRT DRAYTON, THOS. HEYWARD, JUN 

 JNO MAT HEWS. 



On the part and behalf of the State of Georgia. 

 JN<> WALTON, 24th July, EDWD. LANOWORTHY. 



1778. 

 EDWD TKLFAIR, 



Austria -Hungary is a monarchy com- 

 of a Cisleithan portion, officially known as 

 Austria, and a Transleithan portion known a> 

 Hungary. The reigning dynasty is the Habs- 

 orraine dynasty, and the law of succes- 

 sion is that the Crown passes by right of primo- 

 geniture and lineal succession to males, or, in 

 default of males, to females. Each country has 

 according to the compromise made in 1867, its 

 own constitution, a limited monarchy, and each 

 possesses a separate parliament, but they have 

 united under a common sovereign in the estab- 

 lishment of a common army and navy, and in 

 the conduct of foreign affairs. The control in 

 regard to common affairs and the voting of 

 money for common purposes are entrusted to a 

 supreme body known as the delegations. Of 

 these there are two, each composed of sixty 

 members, representing the legislative bodies of 

 Austria and Hungary, the upper houses returning 

 twenty and the lower houses forty delegates. 

 The members of the delegations are appointed 

 for one year, and are summoned annually by the 

 emperor alternately at Vienna and at Budapest. 

 Subject to the delegations are the three execu- 

 tive departments for foreign affairs, war, and 

 common finance, and the common court of 

 public accounts. The compromise is expressly 

 subject to periodical revision, only so far as it 

 affects the regulation of the fiscal and commer- 

 cial affairs of the two countries, the Quota paid 

 ly them to the common expenses of the empire, 

 and the privileges of the Austro-Hungarian Bank. 

 After prolonged negotiations a new customs 



rnmereial treaty was signed, October 8, 

 which recognized the equality and free- 

 dom of action of each contracting party, and a 

 separate (but identical) customs tariff for each 

 com, 



Itrltriimi a, kingdom under Leopold II.. 



ir^r. and by t he constitution of 1831, 



follow ing on the secession from the Netherlands 



10, declared to le a constitutional rcpresen- 



md hereditary monarchy. Belgium is a 



neutral power, her neutrality 1>-inn guaranteed 



the Treaty of London. Great 



Bntai- Prussia, ami Russia. The 



ive i>ower is vested in the kini* and his 



re, the legislative power jointly in kitm. 

 senate, and chaml.rr of deputies. All 



>, uho i, .,-..- lived at least a year in the 

 same commune, have a vote. An additional 



accorded them if they are (1 > either :;:> 

 years of age, married, with legitimate nt: 

 and pay a tax of at leant five francs to the state; 



are 25 years old and own immovable 



property to the value of at least 2,000 francs, or 

 have a corresponding income from such property, 

 or for two years have received at least 100 francs 

 a year from Belgium funds. Two additional 

 votes are given to citizens of 25 years of age who 

 possess a diploma of higher education or have 

 filled a public or private position implying the 

 possession of such education. No citizen can 

 nave more than three votes. From this electo- 

 rate both houses of the legislature are chosen, 

 save for those senators who are elected indirectly. 

 The senate of 110 members is elected for Mgnf 

 years. The number of members elected directly, 

 eighty-three, is eaual to half the number of 

 deputies. The indirectly elected senators are 

 chosen by the provincial councils, two for each 

 province with less than 500,000 inhabitants; 

 three for each with more than 500,000 and less 

 1,000,000; and four for each with over 1,000,000. 

 The deputies are elected for four years, fn the 

 proportion of one to every 40,000 inhabitants, 

 and number 166. One-half retire every two 



1 years. Senators must be 40, and deputies _'."> 

 years of age. Each deputy receives 4,000 francs 

 yearly, and travels free. 



Bolivia. The constitution of the Republic 

 of Bolivia bears date October 28, 1880. By its 

 provisions the executive power is vested in a 

 president, elected for a term of four years by 

 direct popular vote, and not eligible for reflec- 

 tion at the termination of his period of office ; 

 while the legislative authority rests with a con- 

 gress of two chambers, called the senate, and t he 

 chamber of deputies. The suffrage is possessed 

 by all who can read and write. There arc 

 teen senators (two for each department) elected 



', for six years, and sixty-nine deputies elected for 

 four years. Both senators and deputies are 

 elected by direct vote of the people. Of the 

 senators one-third retire every two years; of the 



' deputies one-half retire every two years. Sena- 

 tors and deputies receive a salary of 500 bolivi- 

 anos (40 litre) per month during the sittings, 

 which, as a rule, last for sixty days, but may he 

 extended to ninety days. Extraordinary ses- 

 sions may be held for special purposes. There 

 are a president, two vice-presidents and a min- 

 i-try, divided into six departments of foreign 

 relations and worship; finance and industry; 

 rninent and fomento; justice and educa- 

 tion; war: colonization and agriculture. 



Brazil. A republic on the east coast of 

 Central South America, which, until 1889, was 

 an empire under Emperor Pedro II.. of the house 

 of Braganza. A revolution then. ho\\e\er. 

 broke out, and a new constitution was adopted 

 in February 1891. The chief feature of this was 

 the establishment of the old provinces as t 

 one separate states, self-governed except for 

 fate*] purposes, but with all fiscal u 

 maintenance of order, the defense of the country, 

 the currency, reserved to the federal govern- 

 ment. The executive authority is in the hands 

 of the president, elected for four years only by 

 the people du !>. Legislative authority is 

 exercised by <!>< national congress, composed of 

 a senate of sixty-three members, directh 

 by the states for nine years, one-third ret mm: 

 every three years, and a chamber of deputies ,,f 

 212 members. Deputies and senators are paid. 



