592 



THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



2. Secretary of State. 



3. Ministir of Trade and Commerce. 



4. Ministtr of Justice and Attorne;/-(ient nil. 



5. Minister of Marine and Fisheries. 



6. Minister of Hallways ami Canals. 



7. M inistcr of Militia and Defence. 



8. Minister of Finance. ' 



9. Postmaster-General and Minister of Labor. 



10. Minister of Agriculture. 



11. Minister of Public Works. 



12. Minister of Interior. 



13. Minister of Customs. 



14. Minister of Inland Jtcrcnue. 



The representation from the several provinces 

 ( >ntario, twenty-four Senators, 

 ninety-two Commons; Quebec, twenty-four 

 Senators, sixty-five Commons; Nova Scotia, 

 ten Senators, twenty Commons; New Bruns- 

 wick, ten Senators, fourteen Commons; Mani- 

 toba, four Senators, seven Commons; British 

 Columbia, three Senators, six Commons; Prince 

 Edward Island, four Senators, five Commons; 

 Northwest Territories, two Senators, four Com- 

 mons. 



Provincial Government. By the provisions of 

 the Consolidation Act each province has full 

 power to regulate its own local affairs and 

 dispose of its own revenue, provided it does 

 not interfere with the policy of the central gov- 

 ernment. The lieutenant-governor of each 

 province is appointed by the Governor-General, 

 while the other officials are elected by the people. 

 There is a very perfect system of municipal 

 government throughout the Dominion, the coun- 

 ties and townships having local governments 

 or councils which regulate their local taxation. 

 The administration of justice is based on the 

 English model, except in Quebec Province, where 

 the old French law prevails. The only court 

 that has jurisdiction throughout the Dominion 

 (except the Exchequer and the Maritime Court), 

 is the Supreme Court, the ultimate court of ap- 

 peal in civil and criminal cases. In certain cases 

 an appeal may be had to her Majesty's Privy 

 Council. 



Chile. Chile is a Republic, with laws ad- 

 ministered under a Constitution formed in 1833 

 and subsequently amended. The President is 

 elected for a term of five years by indirect vote, 

 much as the like officer is chosen in the United 

 States. He is assisted by a Cabinet as follows : 



Secretary of Premier and Secretary of the 

 Interior. 



Secretary of Foreign Affairs. 



Secretary of Justice and Public Instruction. 



Secretary of Finance. 



Secretary of War and Marine 



Secretary of Industry and Public Works. 



He is not eligible for reelection for a succeed- 

 ing term. The day of election is June 25th of 

 the last year of the President's term of office, 

 and the inaugural date is September 18th of the 

 same year. Congress consists of two Houses 

 a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. Mem- 

 bers of the Senate are elected by popular vote 

 for a term of six years, and Deputies are chosen 

 in the same way for a term of three years. The 

 proportion is one Senator for three Deputies. 

 Electors must be 21 years of age and 

 able to read and write. The republic is divided 



into provinces, which are subdivided into de- 

 partments. Local government is exercised in 

 the former by Intendents and in the latter by 

 ( iobernadores. The police of Santiago and the 

 capitals of the provinces are organized and 

 regulated by the President of the Republic. 



China. The ninth Emperor of China, the 

 present sovereign of the Manchu dynasty of 

 Tsing, which destroyed the native dynasty of 

 Ming in 1644, reigns under the style of Kuang-su. 

 In this country there is no law relative to heredi- 

 tary succession to the throne, the right being 

 given each sovereign to appoint as his successor 

 a member of the family of a younger genera t ion. 

 In the case of the late Emperor Tung-Chi, who 

 died in his 80th year, no successor was 

 named, but, as a result of arrangements con- 

 ducted by the Empress Dowager Tszu-lls/i 

 (born November 17, 1834), widow of the Em- 

 peror Hien-Feng, predecessor and father of Tung- 

 Chi, in conjunction with Prince Chun, the infant 

 son of the latter was designated as the nominal 

 occupant of the throne. The young Emperor, 

 having become of age, assumed the government 

 in March, 1887. Two years later, in February, 

 he assumed full control. An imperial edict 

 stating that the Emperor had resigned power to 

 the Empress Dowager was issued September 22, 

 1898, and as a result the direction of affairs has 

 been in her hands ever since. Kuk Wei (whose 

 official name is Pu Tsing), the son of the Prince 

 of Tuan, was, on January 24, 1900, declared 

 by decree the successor to Tung Chi. 



The Ministry. Civil Administration (Lipou), 

 Soun Chia-Nai; Finance (Houpou), Young Lou; 

 Religion and Ceremonies (Lipou), Shihhsu; War 

 (Pingpou), Koun-Kang; Justice (Hsingpou), 

 Kouei-heng ; Foreign Office (Li- fan-yuan), Ching- 

 hsin and A-Ko-tan; Censors (Tou-tcha-youen), 

 Pouliang and Lu-jun-hsiang; Imperal Academy 

 (Han-lin-youan), K'oun-kang; Railroads and 

 Mines, Wang-wen-shao ; Counselors of the Em- 

 pire (Cheng-wou-chou), Ch'ing, Young-lou, 

 K'oun-Kang, Wang-wen-shao, Lou-ch'ouan-lin, 

 Ch'u-houng-chi, Chan-chih-fung, Liou-k'oun-yi. 



The Nation. The laws of the empire are laid 

 down in the Ta-ts'ing-hwei-tien, or "Collected 

 Regulations" of the "Ts'ing dynasty," and are 

 founded on the idea that the government of the 

 State be based upon the government of its fam- 

 ily. To the Chun Chi Chu, or the Privy Council, 

 or Grand Council, is intrusted the supreme direc- 

 tion of the empire. The supreme direction of 

 the administration is in the hands of the Nei-Ko, 

 or Cabinet, which is composed of four members 

 two of Manchu and two of Chinese origin. In 

 addition to the above are two assistants from the 

 Han-Lin, of Great College, whose duties are to 

 see that nothing contrary to both the civil and 

 religious laws of the empire contained in the Ta- 

 ts'ing-hwei-tien and sacred books of Confucius 

 is done. The members of this Cabinet are de- 

 nominated Ta-hsio-shih, or Ministers of State; 

 and under their orders are the Chu-pu, or seven 

 boards of government. Each of these boards is 

 presided over by a Manchu and a Chinese. These 

 boards are as follows: (1) The Board of Civil 

 Appointments, looking to the conduct and ad- 

 ministration of all civil affairs; (2) The Board 

 of Revenues, in charge of all financial affairs; 



