GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 



595 



seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 

 not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in 

 which he shall be chosen. 



3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- 

 tioned among the several States which may be included 

 within this Union according to their respective numbers, 

 which shall be determined by adding to the whole num- 

 ber of free persons, including those bound to service for 

 a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three- 

 fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration 

 shall be made within three years after the first meeting 

 of the Congress of the United States, and within every 

 subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they 

 shall by law direct. The number of Representatives 

 shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each 

 State shall have at least one Representative; and until 

 such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hamp- 



:ill be entitled to choose 3; Massachusetts, 8; 

 Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1; Connecti- 

 cut, .">; New York, 6; New Jersey. 4; Pennsylvania. 8; 

 Delaware. 1; Maryland, 6; Virginia, 10; North Caro- 

 ">: South Carolina, 5; and Georgia. 3.* 



4. When vacancies happen in the representation from 

 any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue 

 writs of election to fill such vacancies. 



e House of Representatives shall choose their 

 Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power 

 of impeachment. 



N 1 1 1 . 1 . The Senate of the United States shall 

 be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen 

 by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each 

 Senator shall have one vote. 



:_'. Immediately after they shall be assembled in con- 

 sequence of the first election, they shall be divided as 

 equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the 

 Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expi- 



f the second year, of the second class at the 

 expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at 



ration of the sixth year, so that one : third may 

 be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen 

 by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the 

 Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may 

 make temporary appointment until the next meeting of 

 the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 



3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have 

 attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years 



n of the United States, and who shall not. when 

 elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he 



Oiall !> cho-.-n. 



4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be 

 President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless 

 they be equally divided. 



:ite shall choose their other officers, and 

 also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the 

 resident, or when he shall exercise the office of 

 President of the United States. 



6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- 

 peachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall 

 be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the 



States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; 

 and no person shall be convicted without the concur- 

 rence of two-think of the members present. 



7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not ex- 

 tend further than to removal from office, and disquali- 



to hoM and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or 



profit under the United States; but the party convicted 



shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, 



trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. 



SM-IH.N IV. I. I !,. tun,--. pla-.->. an. I manner of 



hoMinn elections for Senators and Representatives shall 



be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; 



Congress may a' any time by law make or alter 



such regulations, except as to places of choosing Senators. 



2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 



year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in 



December, unless they shall by law appoint a different 



N V. 1. Each House shall be the judge of 

 the flections, n-iurns. and qualification* of its own 

 members, and a majority of each shall constitute a 

 quorum to do business; but a smaller number may 

 from day to day. and may be authorised to 

 comiM-l the attendance of absent members in such man- 

 indrr such penalties as each House may provide. 

 2. Each House may determine the rules of its pro- 

 ceeding members for disorderly behavior. 

 tlu> concurrence of two-thirds expel a member. 



i 

 and from 



ill keep a journal of it* 

 publish the same, 



such 



parts as may in their Judgment require secrecy; and 



the yen.* ami nays of ll.e memU-r- of either llou-e ,, 



See Article XIV.. Amendments. 



any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those 

 present, be entered on the journal. 



4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, 

 shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for 

 more than three days, nor to any other place than that 

 in which the two Houses shall be sitting. 



SECTION VI. 1. The Senators and Representatives 

 shall receive a compensation for their services, to be 

 ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of 

 the United States. They shall in all cases, except 

 treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged 

 from arrest during their attendance at the session of 

 their respective Houses, and in going to and returning 

 from the same; and for any speech or debate in either 

 House they shall not be questioned in any other place. 



2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the 

 time for which he was elected, be appointed to any 

 civil office under the authority of the United States 

 which shall have been created, or the emoluments 

 whereof shall have been increased during such time: 

 and no person holding any office under the United 

 States shall be a member of either House during his 

 continuance in office. 



SECTION VII. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall 

 originate in the House of Representatives, but the 

 Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on 

 other bills. 



2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of 

 Representatives and the Senate shall, before it become 

 a law, be presented to the President of the United States; 

 if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return 

 it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall 

 have originated, who shall enter the objections at large 

 on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after 

 such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall 

 agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the 

 objections, to the other House, by which it shall like- 

 wise be reconsidered; and if approved by two-thirds 

 of that House it shall become a law. But in all such 

 cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by 

 yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for 

 and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of 

 each House respectively. If any bill shall not be re- 

 turned by the President within ten days (Sundays 

 excepted) after it shall have been presented to him. 

 the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had 

 signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment 

 prevent its return; in which case it shall not be a 

 law. 



3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the con- 

 currence of the Senate and House of Representatives 

 may be necessary (except on a question of adjourn- 

 ment) shall be presented to the President of the United 

 States; and before the same shall take effect shall be 

 approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall 

 be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and the H..U-,- 

 of Representatives, according to the rules and limita- 

 tions prescribed in the case of n lull. 



SECTION VIII. 1. The Congress shall have power: 

 To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, 



to pay the debts and provide for the common defence 



ana general welfare of the United States; but all duties. 



imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the 



United States. 



2. To borrow money on the credit of the United 



States. 



3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and 

 among the several States, and with the Indian tribes. 



4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalisation and 

 uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout 

 the United States. 



5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of 

 foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and meas- 

 ures. 



6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting 

 the securities and current com of the United States. 



7. To establish post-offices and post-roads. 



8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts 

 by securing for limited times to authors and inventors 

 the exclusive rights to their respective writings and 



9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 



10. To define and punish piracies and felonies com- 

 mitted on the high seas, and offences against the law of 



11 T 

 reprisal, an mae rues concernng captures on 



:u, | water. 



declare war. grant letters of marque and 

 and make rules concerning captures on land 



| water. 



12. To raise and support armies, but no appropria- 

 f money to that use shall be for a lon 



f money 

 than two years. 



I o provide and maintain a navy 



loafjM :.-tiu 



