GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS 



597 



ordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of 

 them, and in case of disagreement between them with 

 respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn 

 them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall 

 receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he 

 shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 

 and shall commission all the officers of the United States. 

 <>N IV. The President, Vice-President, and all 

 civil officers of the United States shall be removed from 

 office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, 

 bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 



ARTICLE III. 



SECTION I. The judicial power of the United States 

 shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such infe- 



irts as the Congress may from time to time ordain 



itili-h. The judges, both of the Supreme and 

 inferior courts, shull hold their offices during good be- 

 havior, and shall at stated times receive for their serv- 

 ices a compensation which shall not be diminished 

 durum their continuance in office. 



\11. 1. The judicial power shall extend to 

 11 cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu- 

 tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, 



: shall be made, under their authority; to all 

 OMfm affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and 

 consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime juris- 

 diction; to controversies to which the United States 

 shall be a party; to controversies between two or more 



between a State and citizens of another State, 



us of different States, between citizens of 



the same State claiming lands under grants of different 



States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and 



foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 



all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 



s and consuls, and those in which a State shall 

 be party, the Supreme Court shall have original juris- 

 diction. In all the other cases before-mentioned the 

 Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both 

 as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such 

 regulations as the Congress shall make. 



.'{. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 



iiall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in 



'o where the said crimes shall have been com- 

 mit te<l; but when not committed within any State the 

 trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress 

 may by law have directed. 



sill. 1. Treason against the United States 

 shall consist only in levying war against them, or in 

 adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 

 No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the 



i v of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on 

 confession in open court. 



Congress shall have power to declare the pun- 

 ishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall 

 work corruption of blood or forfeiture except during 

 the life of the person attained. 



ARTICLE IV. 



SECTION I. Full faith and credit shall be given in 

 State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- 

 ngs of every other State. And the Congress may 

 by general laws prescribe the manner in which such 

 act*, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the 



SECTION II. 1. The citi/ens of each State shall be 



to all privileges and immunities of citizens in 



the several State-. 



-' \ person charged in any State with treason, felony. 



. who nhall flee from justice, and be found 



her State, shall, on demand of the i:\ecuti\e 



authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered 



removed to the State having jurisdiction ,,r 



pet -on held to service or labor in one State, 

 he laws thereof, escaping into another shull. in 

 consequence of any law or regulation therein, be dis- 

 charged from such service or labor, but shall be deliv- 

 ered up on claim of the party to whom such service or 



IV be due. 



SECTION III i . New States may be admitted by the 

 Congress into this I'm..,,, but no new State shall be 

 formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other 

 State, nor any State be formed b v the |u 

 or more States, or part* of States, without the consent 

 dM be Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of 



2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and 



make all needful rules and regulations respecting the 



property belonging to the United 



States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so 



States, or of any particular State. 



SECTION IV. The United States shall guarantee to 

 every State in this Union a republican form of govern- 

 ment, and shall protect each of them against invasion, 

 and, on application of the Legislature, or of the 1 

 tive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against 

 domestic violence. 



ARTICLE V. 



The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses 

 shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to 

 this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legis- 

 latures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a 

 convention for proposing amendments, which, in either 

 case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part 

 of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures 

 of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions 

 in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode 

 of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; pro- 

 vided that no amendment which may be made prior 

 to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall 

 in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the 

 Ninth Section of the First Article; and that i. 

 without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suf- 

 frage in the Senate. 



ARTICLE VI. 



1. All debts contracted and engagements entered into 

 before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid 

 against the United States under this Constitution as 

 under the Confederation. 



2. This Constitution and the laws of the United 

 States which shall be made in pursuance thereof and all 

 treaties made, or which shall be made, under the author- 

 ity of the United States, shall be the supreme law of 

 the land, and the judges in every State shall be bound 

 thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any 

 State to the contrary notwithstanding. 



3. The Senators and Representatives before men- 

 tioned, and the members of the several State Legisla- 

 tures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of 

 the United States and of the several States, shall be 

 bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitu- 

 tion; but no religious test shall ever be required as a 

 qualification to any office or public trust under the 

 United States. 



ARTICLE VII. 



The ratification of the Conventions of nine States 

 shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Consti- 

 tution between the States so ratifying the same. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 



ARTICLE I. 



Congress shall make no law respecting an establish- 

 ment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; 

 or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or 

 the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to 

 petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 



ARTICLE II. 



A well-regulated militia being necessary to the se- 

 curity of a free State, the right of the people to keep 

 and bear arms shall not be infringed. 



ARTICLE III. 



No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any 

 house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of 

 war but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 



ARTICLE IV. 



The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 

 houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches 

 and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall 

 issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or 

 affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be 



searched, and the persons or things to be seised. 



ARTICLE V. 



No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other 

 infamous crime unless on a present men t or n. 

 of a grand Jui -* arising in the land or 



naval forces, or m tin- militia, when in actual service, 

 m time of war or public danger; nor shall any person 

 be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeop- 

 ardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any 

 criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be 

 deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due pro- 

 cess of law; nor nhnll private property be taken for 

 public use without just compensation. 



ARTIf'I.K VI. 

 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy 



