598 



Till: STANDARD DICTIONARY OP FACTS 



the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial 

 jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall 

 have been committed, which district shall have been 

 previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of 

 the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con- 

 fronted with the witnesses against him; to have com- 

 pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and 

 to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. 



ARTICLE VII. 



In suits at common law, where the value in contro- 

 versy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial In- 

 jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall 

 be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United 

 States than according to the rules of the common law. 



ARTICLE Mil. 



Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 

 fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments in- 

 flicted. 



ARTICLE 1\ 



The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights 

 shall not be construed to deny or disparage others re- 

 tained by the people. 



ARTICLE X. 



The powers not delegated to the United States by the 

 Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are 

 reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. 



ARTICLE XI. 



The judicial power of the United States shall not be 

 construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, com- 

 menced or prosecuted against one of the United States, 

 by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of 

 any foreign State. 



ARTICLE XII. 



The electors shall meet in their respective States, and 

 vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of 

 whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same 

 State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots 

 the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots 

 the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall 

 make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, 

 and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of 

 the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign 

 and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the 

 Government of the United States, directed to the Presi- 

 dent of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, 

 in the presence of the Senate and House of Representa- 

 tives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then 

 be counted; the person having the greatest number of 

 votes for President shall be the President, if such num- 

 ber be a majority of the whole number of electors ap- 

 pointed; and if no person have such majority, then 

 from the persons having the highest numbers, not ex- 

 ceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, 

 the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, 

 by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, 

 the votes shall be taken by States, the representation 

 from each State having one vote; a quorum for this 

 purpose shall consist of a member or members from 

 two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States 

 shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of 

 Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever 

 the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the 

 fourth day of March next following, then the Vice- 

 President shall act as President, as in the case of the 

 death or other constitutional disability of the President. 

 The person having the greatest number of votes as 

 Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such num- 

 ber be a majority of the whole number of electors ap- 

 pointed, and if no person have a majority, then from 

 the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall 

 choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose 

 shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Sen- 

 ators, and a majority of the. whole number shall be 

 necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally 

 ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to 

 that'of Vice-President of the United States. 



ARTICLE XIII. 



1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except 

 as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have 

 bsen duly convicted, shall exist within the United 

 States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 



2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article 

 by appropriate legislation. 



ARTICLE XIV. 

 1. All persons born or naturalized in the Unitet 



States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citi- 

 sens of the United States and of the State wherein they 

 eside. No State shall make or enforce any law which 

 hall abridge the privileges or immunities of citi/ens of 

 tu> United States; nor shall any State deprive any 



person of life, liberty, or property without due pro. 

 f law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction 

 he equal protection of the laws. 



2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the 

 several States according to their respective numbers, 

 counting the whole number of persons in each State. 



occluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to 

 vote at any election for the choice of electors for Presi- 

 dent and V ice-President of the United States, Repre- 

 sentatives in Congress, the executive and judicial ofli 

 of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, 

 s denied to any of the male members of such State, 

 leing of twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the 

 United States, or in any way abridged, except for par- 

 ticipation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of repre- 

 sentation therein shall be reduced in the proportion 

 which the number of such male citizens shall bear to 

 the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of 

 age in such State. 



3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in 

 Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or 

 lolding any office, civil or military, under the United 



States, or under any State, who, having previously 

 taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer 

 of the United States, or as a member of any State 

 Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any 

 State, to support the Constitution of the United States, 

 shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against 

 the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies 

 thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of 

 each House, remove such disability. 



4. The validity of the public debt of the United 

 States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for 

 payment of pensions and bounties for services in sup- 

 pressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be ques- 

 tioned. But neither the United States nor any State 

 shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in 

 aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, 

 or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave: 

 but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held 

 llegal and void. 



5. The Congress shall have power t9 enforce by appro- 

 priate legislation the provisions of this article. 



ARTICLE XV. 



1. The right of the citizens of the United States to 

 vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United 

 States or by any State on account of race, color, or 

 previous condition of servitude. 



2. The Congress shall have power to enforce the pro- 

 isions of this article by appropriate legislation. 



RATIFICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 



The Constitution was ratified by the thirteen original 

 States in the following order: 



Delaware, December 7, 1787, unanimously. 

 Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787, vote 46 to 23. 

 New Jersey, December 18, 1787, unanimously. 

 Georgia, January 2, 1788, unanimously. 

 Connecticut, January 9, 1788, vote 128 to 40. 

 Massachusetts, February 6, 1788, vote 187 to 168. 

 Maryland, April 28, 1788, vote 63 to 12. 

 South Carolina, May 23, 1788, vote 149 to 73. 

 New Hampshire, June 21, 1788, vote 57 to 46. 

 Virginia, June 25, 1788, vote 89 to 79. 

 New York, July 26, 1788, vote 30 to 28. 

 North Carolina, November 21, 1789, vote 193 to 75. 

 Rhode Island, May 29, 1790, vote 34 to 32. 



RATIFICATION OF THE AMENDMENTS 

 I to X, inclusive, were declared in force December 15, 

 1791. 



XI was declared in force January 8, 1798. 



XII. regulating elections, was ratified by all the States 

 except Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and New 

 Hampshire, which rejected it. It was declared in force 

 September 28, 1804. 



XIII. The emancipation amendment was ratified by 

 31 of the 36 States; rejected by Delaware and Ken- 

 tucky; not acted on by Texas; conditionally ratified by 

 Alabama and Mississippi. Proclaimed December 18, 

 1865. 



XIV. Reconstruction amendment was ratified by 2. 

 Northern States; rejected by Delaware, Kentucky, 

 Maryland, and 10 Southern States, and not acted on by 

 California. The 10 Southern States subsequently rati- 

 fied under pressure. Proclaimed July 28, 1868. 



