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THE STANDARD DICTIONARY OF FACTS 



India. The present form of government 

 of the Indian Empire is established by the Gov- 

 ernment of India, act of 1858. By this act. all 

 the territories, theretofore, under the government 

 of the East India Company are vested in the 

 King of Great Britain, and all its powers are 

 exercised in his name; all territorial and other 

 revenues, and all tributes and other payments, 

 are likewise received in his name, and dis- 

 posed of for the purposes of the government of 

 India alone. The secretary of state for India is 

 invested with all the powers formerly exercised 

 by the company or by the board of control. 

 The administration of the Indian Empire in 

 England is entrusted to a secretary of state for 

 India, assisted by a council of not less than ten 

 members, vacancies in which are filled by the 

 secretary of state for India. The duties of the 

 council, which has no initiative authority, are, 

 under the direction of the secretary of state for 

 India, to conduct the business transacted in the 

 United Kingdom in relation to the Government 

 of India. The supreme executive authority in 

 India is vested in the governor-general in 

 Council, often styled the Government of India. 

 The governor-general, who since 1858 has also 

 been viceroy, is appointed by the Crown, and 

 usually holds office for five years. The salary of 

 the governor-general is $83,250 a year. 



Indiana. The Constitution of 1816 was 

 superseded by that of 1851 which, as amended 

 in 1873 and 1881, is still in force. Amendments 

 proposed in and approved by the Legislature 

 require the approval of the succeeding General 

 Assembly; if then passed by a majority vote, 

 they become part of the Constitution. The 

 State Legislature consists of a Senate of fifty 

 members elected for four years, and a House of 

 Representatives of 100 members elected for two 

 years, the two Houses together being called the 

 General Assembly. Special sessions, called by 

 the governor, are limited to forty days. Bill 

 for raising revenue may originate only in the 

 House of Representatives. Eligible to sit in 

 either House are all citizens of the United States 

 who have resided in the State two years, and in 

 their county or district one year next preceding 

 the election ; but Senators must be 25, and Repre- 

 sentatives 21 years of age. The chief executive 

 officer of the State is the governor, who is elected 

 for four years. He may call special sessions of 

 the Legislature, and he has a veto which may be 

 overridden by a majority vote of the two Houses. 

 He appoints to offices not otherwise provided for 

 by law, is commander-in-chief of the militia, 

 and may pardon or reprieve in all cases of crime 

 except treason or where the accused has been 

 impeached. Other elective officials are the 

 auditor, the treasurer, and the attorney-general. 



Iowa. The original Constitution of . 1846 

 was, in 1857, superseded by a new Constitution, 

 which, amended five times since 1868, is still in 

 force. The Legislature, known as the General 

 Assembly, consists of a Senate of fifty, and a 

 House of Representatives of 100 members, 

 meeting every two years or an unlimited session. 

 Senators are elected for four years, half of them 

 retiring every second year; Representatives for 

 two years. Any bill may originate in either 

 House. The House of Representatives alone 



can impeach; the Senate tries impeachments. 

 Amendments to the Constitution may be pro- 

 posed in either House, but to become law they 

 must be sanctioned by a majority vote of both 

 Houses of the then sitting and next succeeding 

 Assembly, followed by a majority vote of the 

 people. The executive power is vested in a 

 governor, elected for two years. He has the 

 powers usually entrusted to State governors," 

 including limited pardoning power and a veto 

 which may be overridden by a two-thirds 

 majority of all the members of each House. 

 Other State officials are a lieutenant-governor, 

 an auditor, a treasurer, an attorney-general, and 

 a superintendent of public instruction, all elected 

 for two years. 



Ireland. The head of the executive in 

 Ireland is the viceroy or lord-lieutenant, who is 

 assisted by a chief secretary, the lord chancellor 

 of Ireland, the attorney-general for Ireland, the 

 permanent officials, and a privy council (which 

 is a separate and distinct body from the privy 

 council of Great Britain); but the government 

 of the country is in all essential points carried 

 on under the direction of or in concert with the 

 ministry of the day in London. The lord- 

 lieutenant is charged with the maintenance 

 of law and order; the Irish constabulary are 

 under his control, and he may, if he think it 

 to be necessary, direct the commander of the 

 forces to send troops to their aid. He has power 

 to commute sentences and pardon criminals. 

 There are, however, more agreeable and less 

 anxious functions attaching to the office; for 

 as representing his majesty, the viceroy, as- 

 sisted by his wife, holds courts, drawing-rooms, 

 levees, and maintains in Dublin an establish- 

 ment of a semi-regal character. On occasions 

 he confers the honor of civil knighthood with 

 the approval of his majesty. During his absence 

 the duties of chief governorship are performed 

 by one or more lord justice or lord justices, those 

 who act in this capacity being usually the lord 

 chancellor of Ireland, the commander of the 

 forces, and some of the judges. The lord 

 chancellor of Ireland is head of the Irish judicial 

 establishment, principal legal adviser of the 

 lordrlieutenant, and exercises in Ireland many 

 of the powers which in England are vested in the 

 lord high-chancellor. The office may be held 

 by a Roman Catholic. The chief secretary to 

 the lord-lieutenant, or chief secretary for Ireland 

 as he is usually called, has been described as 

 prime minister to the viceroy. His office is at 

 Dublin Castle; but he has also an office in Lon- 

 don, which remains open during the sitting of 

 parliament. He is directly responsible to the 

 House of Commons for the acts of the Irish admin- 

 istration. He is assisted by a permanent under- 

 secretary, and other officials. There is a sep- 

 arate local government board ; a board of public 

 works, which is the great financial agent of the 

 Government in Ireland; a board of national 

 education, by which the grant made by parlia- 

 ment for public education is administered, and a 

 department of agriculture and other industries 

 and technical instruction which was created in 

 1899. There are also many other government 

 departments in Ireland directly responsible to 

 the Irish Government. 



