Zi 



AOl 



SCIKNCE. EDrCATIoX. RELIGION t'.sO 



sent a granular appearance on the surface, have cation. To them we are indebted for our knowl- 



nucleolus which is speedily brought into view edge of the Sanskrit, or ancient language of the 



, the action of dilute acetic acid, and are identi- country, in which their sacred books are written. 



cal with the lymph-corpuscle. Under the micro- Buddhism (bSdlzm). A system of religion 



sco{)e they va*ry their forms in the same way as founded by Buddha Gautama, also called 



the amoeba; hence these movements are called Sakya Muni, who lived probably in the Sixth 



xrid. The red corpuscles are peculiar to Century B. C. His father was King of Bahar, 



b rates, and seem to have their origin in the in Hindostan, and was early distinguished for 



white corpuscles, are oval and nucleated in his superior intellect. Becoming a religious 



fishes, reptiles, and birds, but in man and the teacher, he went through various province 



mammalia generally they are non-nucleated, India, propagating his doctrines, a kind of n- 



and are biconcave, flattened disks, their edges formed Brahmanism. He is said to have lived 



being thicker than the center; hence the dark till his 80th year, and the date usually given for 



arance of the latter when seen under the his death is 543 B. C. But his appearance is 



microscope. The color of the blood varies. In placed by some as early as the Fourteenth, and 



the arteries it is of a bright scarlet color, while by others as late as the Fourth Century B. C. 



in the veins it is of a dark purple color. The It is certain that his religion was triumphant in 



chief difference between arterial and venous Hindostan in the middle of the Third Century 



blood is that the former contains more oxygen B. C. Between the Fifth and Seventh Cent' 



and less carbonic acid than the latter. The red of our era, Buddhism was expelled from India 



Mood corpuscles possess great powers of ab- proper by the persecution of the Brahmins, a ml 



sorbing oxygen. They receive oxygen in the nearly every trace of it has now disappeared 



hint:-, where thev become colored, and carry it from there; but under several denominations it 



all over the body to the tissues to form new has become the prevailing creed of the Penin- 



combinations. After a time the corpuscles be- sula of India beyond the Ganges, Thibet, Ceylon, 



come dissolved in the liquor sangumis. which China, and Japan. In China the name of 



tluid they serve to elaborate. The products of Buddha has been corrupted into Fo-ta, or Fo. 



the metamorphosis of the tissues are poured After the death of Buddna, and to fill his place, 



a succession of perfectly virtuous souls have 

 descended upon earth, and assumed human 

 forms, for the welfare of mankind; and it is be- 



Hindoos. that which is frequently Styled Brah- \ lieved in Thibet that the Grand Lama of Thibet 



monism, or Brahminism, inculcates a belief in is his successor for the time being. The sacred 



a supreme deity under the name of Brahma, writings of the Buddhists are very numerous; 



who is an impersonal divine substance, the ob- they were originally composed in Sanskrit, fnun 



ject merelv of devout contemplation, not of which they were* afterwards translated into 



wor>hip. There is also Brahma, the creator other tongues. It would seem that there was 



<>f the universe and the first of the Trimurti or a belief in a primeval deity named Adi-Buddha, 



triad of divinities; of whom Vishnu, the pre- or the First Buddha, and he was the first person 



r. and Siva, the destroyer, are the others, of the trinity, the other two persons being Dhur- 



In -culpture, Brahma is represented a- having ma and Sunga, answering to Brahma. Siva, and 

 four facj-s. It is said that there are not any ; Vishnu, of the Brahmins. The trident borne 



temple- exclusively dedicated to him in India; by the priests is emblematical of this trinity, 



but prayers are addressed to him, and he is The principal tenets of Buddhism are. that the 

 the other members of 



into the blood, so that it is really a very complex 

 fluid. 



Brahma (bra' ma}. The religion of the 



iiiped 

 the triad. 



along with 

 Vishnu and 



other members 

 Siva, however, have a 



world and all it contains are manifestations of 

 the Deity, but of a transient and delusi\< 



number of worshipers, and the sects who acter; that the human soul is an emanation of 



..wledire each as their chief object of devo- the Deity, and, after death, will be bound to 



tiou are not to be counted. The greatest con- matter, and subjected to the miseries ,,f life. 



>\\ exists as to the names and attributes of unless the individual to whom it belong, by 



Great changes in belief have the attainment of wisdom through prayer and 



taken piiu-e in the progress of time, and the contemplation, secures its mUMontioo into 



n-d Brahman U unable to explain the the Deity. The authority of the Vedas. the 



great majority of the rites and articles of belief. -iered books of the Bralimins. is n 



migration of M.UJS is the leading tenet of well as the sacrifices, ceremonies, and th. 



Hindoo belief. ligious observances of the Hindoos. There is 



rr.i h maim, Brah'mlns. 'Followers no distinction of caste, and the priests, who are 



:ahma.) The highest of t he Hindoo castes, not forbidden the us<- of animal food, nrr 



- members belong the exclusive duty of rived from all classes. Monasteries .-md min- 



mding the Veda*, and they were formerly neries abound wherever Buddhism flourishes. 



iden-d bound to abstain from all laborious 



The ceremonies have so many resemblances to 

 those of the Koman Catholic (''hurrh. as to strike 



d to confine themselves to 



( ie gods and meditating on holy things, sportators with 



:i:h the members of this ca md Capillary Art inn . : < jipilla ill > . In 



; Hindoos, as their ri.'isiral Science, the name applied 



they are found following many occu- phet, exhibited when 1;, ; 



Mm which they an- in -tnetne-s imer are placed in contact with the surfaces of w 



1. The (Jurus hold the m rod to lx dipped for 



them; they are the i advisers, of its length u. 'lien the liquid 



ng authority in matters of religion and cdu- subject to the laws of gravity, is raised upwards 



