SCIENCE, EDUCATION. RELIGION 



695 



principles set forth in this "declaration." It 

 was not the intention of the Campbellites to 

 form a distinct religious body, but to effect 

 the proposed reforms in the Churches. The 

 Disciples maintained that having accepted 



>ible as their only rule of faith and 

 practice, and the only divine basis for the 

 uni<n of all Christians, they were led to reject 

 infant baptism and adopt believers' immersion 

 only. They observe the Lord's Supper each 



ay of the week, and heartily and practi- 

 cally accept and exalt the doctrine of the 

 divinity of Christ. In 1907 the denomination 



j.j.'i ministers, 11,110 churches, and 1,- 



s communicants, besides several universi- 

 1 colleges of high rank, and a number 

 of religious publications. 



Christian Endeavor, Young Peo- 



plr's Society of. A society distinctly re- 



Bgious in all its features; organized February 2, 



1881, in Williston Church, Portland, Me., by the 



rancis E. Clark, D. D. From one small 



association it expanded, up to 1908, into over 



societies, in all parts of the world, with 



an aggregate membership of 3,462,800. In ad- 



tp the main organizations in the United 



it has been found necessary to form 



1) ran dies, among which are the Juniors, organ- 



i/efl March 27, 1884, at Tabor, la., by the Rev. 



J. W. Cowan and Miss Belle Smith; the Inter- 



e, organized by the Rev. A. Z. Conrad, 

 of Wi.nv-.ter, Mass.; and the Mothers', sug- 



by Mrs. Amanda B. Fellows, of Chicago, 

 and organized in April, 1893, at Topeka, Kan., 

 by .Mr. F. C. Barton. The first Christian En- 

 deavor Society in England was organized in 

 1887, and was followed by similar ones in 

 other countries, and the constitution has been 



1 in over thirty different languages. The 



movement is not a denominational one. Any 



belonging to an evangelical Church, 



which adopts the leading principles as set forth 



in the constitution, including the prayer-meeting 



Empire. Palestine, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, 

 the islands of the Mediterranean, Italy, and the 

 northern coast of Africa, as early as the First 

 Century, contained societies of Christians. At 

 the ena of the Third Century almost one-half of 

 the inhabitants of the Roman Empire, and of 

 several neighboring countries, professed this be- 

 lief. While Christianity as a system was thus 

 spreading, many heretical branches had sprung 

 from the main trunk. From the Gnostics, who 

 date from the days of the apostles, to th 

 torians of the Fifth Century, the number of 

 sects was large, and some of them exist to the 

 present day. The most important events in the 

 subsequent history of Christianity are the sepa- 

 ration of the Eastern and Western Churches 

 early in the Eighth Century; and the Western 

 reformation, which may be said to have com- 

 menced with the sectaries of the Thirteenth 

 Century and ended with the establishment of 

 Protestantism in the Sixteenth. The number of 

 Christians now in the world is computed at 

 475,000,000. Of these about 230,000,000 are 

 Roman Catholics, 98,000,000 belong to the Greek 

 Church, and 145,000,000 are Protestants. Of 

 the various sects of Protestants in the English- 

 speaking world the most numerous are the Epis- 

 copalians, Methodists, Baptists, and Presby- 

 terians. 



Christian Science, a religious and theo- 

 sophical system propounded in 1866 by Mrs. 

 Mary Baker Eddy, Lynn, Mass., practiced by 

 thousands of disciples in America and Europe. 

 The members acknowledge and adore one Su- 

 preme God, taking the Scriptures for their 

 1 guide. They confess God^s Son, and the Holy 

 Ghost, and man as the Divine image and like- 

 ness. They hold that Christian Science is the 

 explication of Truth to be the power over all 

 error, sin, sickness, and death. The curative 

 system is spoken of as Christian Science Mind 

 Healing, or Metaphysical healing, being based 

 on the unreality or non-existence of matter. 



pledge, and which guarantees these principles ; In her book, "Retrospection and Introspection." 



lone . Mrs. Eddy says: "I claim for healing scientiti- 



name Christian Endeavor, either alone 

 or in connection with a denominational name, 

 U :id!nitt.-d to all the privileges of the organi- 

 zation. 



iistinrtive. features in the Christian En- 

 deavor movement are its work among the young 

 jw.ple. leading them to consecrate their live* to 

 the active service of God; the weekly prayer- 

 meetings, which each member takes a solemn 

 pledge to attend regularly .unless unavoidably 



1). and to take part in: and lh< 

 in meetings held once a month, at which 



efforts are made to see if each one has 

 been faithful to his pledges. 



< hrist i.mity. The religion instituted l>y 

 JesUS Christ. Though the great moral principles 

 which it reveals and teaches, and the main d<>c- 



\ed Without 



.ption. the genii!- of the different 



pa ha\e materially colored H 



The lir-t community ; the followers of JcHUS 

 was formed at Jerusalem soon death 



of the 'her at Antioch ii. 



and t!.. <>f the apo-t|e> -pread Chris- 



tianity through the provinces of the Roman 



rally the following advantages: (1) It does away 

 with all material medicines and reeogni/es the 

 antidote for all sickness, as well a^ vn. in the 

 immortal mind; and mortal mind is the source 



| of all the ills which befall mortals. ('2) It is more 



tual than drugs and cures when they fail, 



or only relieve, thus proving the superiority "f 



! metaphysics over physics. (3) A person 1" 

 by (nristian Science is not only healed of his 

 disease, but he is advanced morally and spiritu- 

 ally. The mortal body ln-ing l>ut the objec- 

 tive state of the mortal mind, this mind must 

 be renovated to improve the body." 

 absence of < n the (1 



Church, its freedom from n 



ml suj>erstition. al-o the simplicity, 

 uniformity, and impersonality of its form of 

 worship among t! 



tinguishing features which characten/e this 



movement . Il\ pnoti-ni 



merixin. spiritualism, theovophy.' faith-run-, and 

 kind to true Chn 



Science. Tho j these beliefs are 



denied admission to the Christian Science 

 Church. 



