36 MATHEMATICS 



= 3.5449 ^A 

 2A 4A > 



RING 



77 

 4 



SEGMENT 

 A = Wr-c(r-h)} 



>^- E 

 B .!!. W W- 



wr r 



ELLIPSE 



P*-Y 



)2-|_d2 (D-d)* 



8.8 



A = -Z?d = .7854Dd 



CYLINDER 



C = 7rdA 



S = 2nrh+2*r* 



4 7T 



*The perimeter of an ellipse cannot be exactly determined 

 without a very elaborate calculation, and this formula is 

 merely an approximation giving close results. 



