Forms. 



The genus Tvlostoma exhibits more species or forms than any other family 

 of "puff balls" (except perhaps Lycoperdon). Some of the forms are of wide 

 distribution constant as to character, and are of course good species Others 

 seem very local or rare and we have received a number of specimens that do not 

 accord with the following described "species." We have felt it advisable in 

 most instance not to describe "new species" from a single collection unless , t 

 Presents very marked characters, and there are a number of unnamed collec- 

 tions in our museum, awaiting additional material, and if it is not received they 

 will not be determined by us. A list of these is given on page 11 . 



Geographical Distribution. 



In Europe there are only three frequent species, viz. : mammosum, granulo- 

 sum and squamosum. Mammosum is by far the most common and is the only 

 onT known in England. In the south (Italy) it seems to give way to granulo- 

 -um A number of species or forms have been recently described which are 

 evidently rarTor local viz. : pallidum, Bresadolae, brevipes, armillatum, G,o- 

 vanellae Beccarianum, Pctrii, Vittadinii, fulvellum. 



In the United States there is only one species that is at all common, viz.: 

 campestre. which is the American form of granulosum It extends ifrom coast 

 to coast, but is most abundant in the neighborhood of the Great Lakes 

 forms of mammosum, viz.: simulans and rufum are much rarer. Tylostoma 

 atoicans (and the form Longii), pygmaeum. Floridanum and Berkeleyn are of 

 southern distribution, the latter only occurring as far north as southern Indiana , 

 Tylostoma occidental, Americanum. poculatum, tubercu atum, subfuscum and j 

 Purpusii are western species. Tylostoma verrucosum, Lloydn and < 

 very rare ^n^loca^^orms.^^ remainder Q{ the wodd are very scant ily known, j 

 From South Africa we have cyclophorum, and from North Africa caepitosum, 

 moTanum and volvulatum. Australian species are not well known. We have 

 Tcantv knowledge of McAlpinianum, Readerii egranulosum, albicans - ^fuscurn j 

 and Purpusii. The latter three occur also in America. Prom South America we 

 have one (Rickii) ; from Asia two (Bonianum and mussoonense) ; from Hawaii 

 one (Leveilleanum) ; from the Philippines one (pusillum). In addition exaspera- 

 tum seems widely distributed in warm countries (Cuba, Brazil and 1 



THE SPECIES OF TYLOSTOMA. 



For convenience in classification we have divided the Tylostomas | 

 into little groups according to the most prominent characters, as follows : 



Mouth definite, tubular, round, naked, more or less protruding 



Spores smooth Group 1 



Spores not smooth. 



Cortex granular or tubercular or scaly Uroup < 



Cortex not granular or tubercular or scaly. 



Stipe with strong scales Group o 



Stipe without strong scales. 



Peridum uncolored Group 4 



Peridium colored Group 5 



Mouth definite, naked, elongated, sometimes several on same 



peridium Group 6 



Mouth with an indefinite, torn aperture, not surrounded ivith o 



fibrillose layer Group / 



Mouth surrounded with a fibrillose layer. 



Spores smooth Group 8 



Spores granular Group 9 



Mouth "fimbriate" Grou P 10 



12 



