SYNONYMS. This plant is exactly Tylostoma brumale of Persoon, as 

 evidenced by numerous specimens in his "herbarium.! Tylostoma melanocyclum 

 (Ann. Myc. 1904, page 415) appears to me to be this plant. Tylostoma peduncula- 

 tum is purely a juggled name.J 



SPECIMENS IN OUR COLLECTION. 



France, X. Gillot, M. Barbier, Rev. H. Bourdot, E. Boudiere, L'Abbe Hue, 

 N. Patouillard. 



Italy, M. Bezzi. 



Austria, Rev. G. Bresadola, J. Brunnthaler. 



Switzerland, D. Cruchot. 



Hungary, Dr. L. Hollos. 



Belgium, C. Van Bambeke. 



FORMS OF TYLOSTOMA MAMMOSUM. 



There are several plants closely allied to Tylostoma mammosum in general 

 size, habits, etc., but which differ on comparison. I fear that I shall not be able 

 to make the difference clear even with the aid of the camera. 



EUROPEAN FORMS. 



TYLOSTOMA BREVIPES. This is a unicolored form, both stipe and 

 peridium differing from Tylostoma mammosum principally in color and in not 

 having a different colored mouth. The septa, as in the type form, are strongly 

 swollen. It was originally described from Italy, and while I have seen no authentic 

 specimens, it seems to me that the plants I have received from France agree with 

 the description, but I may be mistaken and therefore do not present a plate of it. 



SPECIMENS IN OUR COLLECTION. 



France, Capt. Pyat Felix. 



TYLOSTOMA" PALLIDUM (Plate 79). This form has a unicolorous pale 

 pileus, and more adnate cortex. It has also a larger peridium and a relatively 

 thicker stem. The capillitium is quite different from the type form (hence to 

 those who place stress on capillitium characters, it is a new species). The septa 

 are rare and very slightly swollen. 



SPECIMENS IN OUR COLLECTION. 



France, Capt. Pyat Felix. 

 Italy, Prof. C. Massalongo. 



t While we use the name Tylostoma mammosum, that being the name under 

 which the plant has been generally known since the appearance of Fries' Systema, 

 and (use makes language), the just name would be Tylostoma brumale. There 

 is not in the history of modern name changing a more unjust change than that of 

 Fries when he proposed Tylostoma mammosum. When Fries wrote his Systema 

 the plant was commonly known as Tylostoma brumale, as is evidenced in all the 

 old herbaria and in the illustration that he cites. If Fries did not know it he could 

 easily have found it out. To cite "Lye. mammosum! etc.; Mich, gen." as an excuse 

 to justify the change was simply a pretext for Micheli never called the plant 

 "Lycoperdon mammosum" or anything "mammosum." It was only one of seven 

 descriptive adjectives Micheli applied to it, neither the first nor the last, and 

 apparently to Micheli's mind an unimportant one for he puts it intermediate and 

 m parenthesis. 



t While it is possible, even probable, that "Lycoperdon pedunculatum" is this 

 plant, Linnaeus left no specimen and it is not sure. Besides there is no reason 

 to displace a name that has been generally applied to the plant for eighty years in 

 favor of an old, doubtful name, dug up from Fries' synonyms with a date dictionary. 



17 



