SYNONYMS. Leveille gave a beautiful figure of the plant and we adopt 

 the name as we are certain of it and it impresses us as being appropriate on 

 account of the "granular mouth." Fries, we think, called the same plant (at a 

 prior date) Tylostoma fimbriatum, but we are not certain of it,f and the name 

 has no application to any European species.^ It is quite probable that Czer- 

 niaiev's illustration Tylostoma brachypus refers to this species, though to us it 

 seems a better illustration of the American form (Tylostoma campestre). 



SPECIMENS IN OUR COLLECTION. 



France, E. Boudier (also obese form), L Rolland, L'Abbe Hue, N. Patouil- 

 lard, Capt. Pyat Eelix (we have also from Capt. Pyat Felix the slender form, 

 T. Petrii). 



Germany, Dr. Hennings, Prof. Magnus, Prof. Plottner (also from Dr. Hen- 

 nings an obese form). 



Austria, Rev. G. Bresadola. 



Hunyary, Dr. Hollos. 



TYLOSTOMA CAMPESTRE (Plate 84). I do not feel that it is pos- 

 sible to consider this as other than the American form of Tylostoma granulosum. 

 I do not know of a single character to distinguish it. And yet on comparing col- 

 lections of the American and European plants a general difference is usually 

 seen. The American plant is more robust, the heads are globose and firmer, 

 the cortex peels off more freely in the American plant and does not adhere to the 

 base so strongly. While we believe we could in most cases guess correctly 

 whether a collection was American or European, we would not guarantee to do 

 it in all instances. A plant that does not typically present a single marked char- 

 acter by which it can be known is not a species. We have a few collections 

 that grew in the sand and have more slender stems with mycelial strands strongly 

 developed. This we take to be Tylostoma fibrillosum, but for us it is a condition 

 not a species. A form collected by Mr. Bartholomew, Kansas, is closer to the 

 European plant in stature than to the American, and some specimens have little 

 depressions in the peridium. It was called Tylostoma punctatum.tt 



Tylostoma campestre is the most common species in the United States and 

 the only one that is at all frequent east of the Mississippi. It is most abundant 

 in the neighborhood of the Great Lakes.ft: 



SPECIMENS IN OUR COLLECTION. 



California, A. P. Morgan (type), L. A. Greata. 

 Colorado, E. Bethel. 



Nebraska, Rev. J. M. Bates (five collections). 

 Kansas, E. Bartholomew (labeled T. punctatum). 



t Fries' type specimen is misplaci d now and we were unable to find it at I'psala. 

 It was sent to Paris a few years ago and I'atouillanl who lias seen it tells me that 

 In his opinion it is the same plant. Besides, we have no other species in Kurope it 

 can possibly be. Uoth species are carried in most European works, but recent 

 authors. Hollos and Petri. get their ideas of "ttmbriatum." we think, not from 

 Kuropean plants but from American specimens. 



t The name "fimbriatum" is a misnomer as applied to any Tylostoma; but in 

 the sense in which it is applied to Geaster mouths, there are such species from 

 South America but none in Europe. I am sure there is no such plant in Europe 

 with a mouth as shown in Holl6s. enlarged illustration. I think he drew the picture 

 to suit the idea. Petri's recent picture was made (I think) from American material. 



The key character given in Miss White's paper "mouth plane" and shown in 

 her figure is evidence that she only knew old mouths. The normal mouth is exactly 

 the same as typical granulosum. 



tt The "irregular shallow pits" on the peridium are imprints of granular particles 

 of the sandy cortex and are present and absent in the same collections, both 

 American and European. They are shown grossly exaggerated in Miss White's 

 drawing. 



tt I collected it very abundantly one season close to Lake Michigan. It grow 

 m a sandy pasture, in one spot only, covering only a few feet, but as thick us 

 they could stand. Horses had evidently been in the habit of resting there in the 

 shade. Czerniaiev states that the Russian plant grows in soil impregnated with 

 urine and the only time I collected the plant the circumstances tended to confirm 



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