Systema (1823) at which time nine foreign species had been figured, and 

 four in Europe, or thirteen in all, and one of the European was a freak. Ex- 

 cluding the freak, all twelve of these species are recognized in this pamphlet, 

 nine of them under the same names as used by Fries. The next general com- 

 pilation was by Schlechtendal, about fifty years ago. In the meantime, the 

 new species hunters had been quite busy, and Schlechtendal succeeded in finding 

 forty-five species, and he seems to have taken practically all of them at their 

 face value, nor did he indulge in inventing new genera in order to change 

 the names. It is an evidence of the "progress" that since that time, nearly 

 fifty years ago, not an iota of information has been added nor another 

 specimen recorded as to twenty-seven of his forty-five species. Some of them 

 have been discarded as being worthless on their face, but those of the twenty- 

 seven that are retained and known to-day are included in this pamphlet on 

 exactly the same knowledge (?) that Schlechtendal had when he wrote fifty 

 years ago. The next work was by Professor Fischer, in 1886, a compilation 

 of the species described and numbering seventy-six, including the doubtful 

 ones. Practically the same species were included in Saccardo (vol. 7) two 

 years later. After making these compilations, Professor Fischer began his 

 real study of the subject. First, he visited Paris and wrote his first Unter- 

 suchungen in 1890, then he visited London and Berlin and wrote his second 

 Untersuchungen in 1893. A third Untersuchungen, principally to include the 

 work of Penzig and Moeller, was issued in 1900. Professor Fischer has 

 studied practically all the specimens in the museums of Europe and the result 

 of his studies has been the rejection of many of the species included in his 

 earliest work, and the reduction of others to forms or varieties. Of the 

 seventy-six species included in his first work, only twenty-three stand as 

 original and good species, and twenty-eight are doubtful. In addition, twenty- 

 eight new species have been added, mostly the work of himself, Hennings, 

 Penzig, and Moeller. This makes a total of fifty-one species, recognized as 

 "good" by Professor Fischer, and twenty-eight doubtful, or a total of seventy- 

 nine. 



I have worked over practically the same ground as Professor Fischer, 

 the same museums, and I am in very close accord with him as to the species. 

 As are all who have had the opportunity to see specimens from many localities, 

 Professor Fischer is very liberal in the treatment of species ; more so than I, 

 for I maintain a number in this pamphlet that Professor Fischer refers to 

 synonymy. I have not refused to recognize any "new species" that has been 

 exploited in an intelligent manner and that was accompanied by a drawing 

 or photograph showing any material difference. The twenty odd phalloids in 

 this pamphlet, in addition to those recognized in Professor Fischer's latest 

 work, are mostly those that he has referred as forms. 



I decline to recognize the alleged "new species" that have been proposed 

 with so much verbosity and so little illustration. No man can give any idea 

 of a phalloid by a mere word description, whether he writes in English, French, 

 German, Chinese, or Pidgin Latin, and it is time this fiction was wiped out 

 of our "literature." In these days of "law-makers" there ought to be a law 

 with a heavy prison penalty for any one who engages in such work. I refer 

 to them in the synonyms as "nomina nuda," although it is a paradox to so call 

 things exploited with so much verbosity. 



THE WORK IN THIS PAMPHLET. 



We have included in this pamphlet the best illustration known of each 

 phalloid that we recognize. We consider the study of phalloids largely a 

 picture study, and our readers can take these illustrations and form an opinion 

 as tp the identity of any phalloid they find with almost as much advantage 

 as if they had access to the types. 



In our text we have not entered into minute descriptions, believing that 

 in most cases it is superfluous. We have given the leading facts as to the 

 occurrence of the various species as far as known, the color, and have pointed 

 out the manner in which they differ from each other. We have presented 



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