PISTILLATES AND STAMINATES 19 



of "Lords and Ladies" (Arum maculatum). The 

 flowers of the two countries are, however, not 

 identical, either in form or in their modes of secur- 

 ing cross-fertilisation, and the distinction should 

 be fully explained as illustrating a phase in the 

 development of plant life. 



The Lords and Ladies bears upon the spadix a 

 group of staminate flowers, closely crowded to- 

 gether, and below them a similar group of pistillate 

 flowers: therefore the plant should be classed as 

 monoecious. Jack-in- the-Pulpit (and we might say 

 "Jill-in-the-Pulpit"!) bears either stamens or pis- 

 tils ; hence it is dioecious. 



Glancing at the plate showing the genealogy of 

 Jack-in-the-Pulpit and comparing the three sec- 

 tional drawings, we see in Jack-in-the-Pulpit that 

 the hood, or spathe, tapers uniformly and droops 

 far out over the opening, as the rain shelter. Small 

 purplish stamens cluster at the base of the spadix 

 in the one, and beady little pistils upon that of the 

 other flower. Notice that there is a considerable 

 space at the base of the staminate flower where 

 pollen accumulates, and where the insects wallow 

 in it. But in the other flower the pistils nearly fill 

 this space, so that insects, bringing pollen, must 

 necessarily rub against the stigmas. Squeezing 

 through here in search of nectar, they are often 



