90 A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 



Eublic necessity requires. It regards all products and services of wild 

 inds as having a potential place in the management picture. Its 

 basis is that the soil productiveness is to be maintained, that the 

 dominant and subordinate uses are dictated by the character of the 

 land, the demands for different products and the needs of dependent 

 communities, and that the condition of land is not static but con- 

 stantly changing. 



SINGLE-PURPOSE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FORESTS 



Another formula for the administration of public forest lands 

 demands exclusive attention to a single objective. This concept is 

 exemplified by the national parks, power withdrawals, and municipal 

 watersheds. Reservations of public lands under the single-purpose 

 formula are generally so rigid as to prevent periodic adaptation in 

 management as public needs develop. If the public purpose in 

 reserving and managing wild lands is to preserve, protect, and utilize 

 all of the natural resources that go with the land, then clearly the 

 multiple-purpose formula is best adapted to the vast majority of wild 

 lands. The exclusive-reservation formula has a definite place in 

 public-land management but applies only to areas of outstanding 

 importance or quality where one use has overwhelming dominance. 

 The multiple-purpose formula leaves room for exclusive reservation 

 on limited areas where actually needed. 



MULTIPLE-PURPOSE MANAGEMENT OF PRIVATE FORESTS 



The individual owning wild land usually has only one or, at the 

 most, a few objectives. If he is a lumberman he seeks to obtain a 

 profit in the harvesting of timber and manufacture of lumber. Other 

 values, such as watershed protection, game management, and scenic 

 attractiveness have little or no realizable cash value to him and 

 attention to them may require costly alterations in his logging 

 practices. If conflicts exist, the secondary values must be sacrificed. 

 If no conflict exists, private management may by chance preserve all 

 public values. 



A major aim of public policy is to bring about multiple-purpose 

 management of the private forest lands on which several values exist. 

 The difficulties confronting the individual owner of such forest land, 

 where he cannot reimburse himself for attention to the public values, 

 but where the^ public is insistent that they be conserved, require 

 definite recognition and attention. 



FORESTRY IS A COMPREHENSIVE AND COORDINATED TECH- 

 NIQUE OF LAND MANAGEMENT 



In summary, then, American forestry involves protection of existing 

 forests, restoration of denuded lands by planting, perpetuation of 

 forests by appropriate logging methods, and use of the sustained yield 

 principle. It involves whatever efforts may be required to sustain 

 markets for forest products. A definite aim is also to manage forest 

 lands for values other than timber. Forestry is a coordinated 

 technique, with many purposes and methods. These purposes 

 cannot be attained through accident or through unplanned action. 

 Only conscious, deliberate, and planned forestry can get the highest 



