A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 199 



secure pulpwood, or why operations in stands containing a large 

 percentage of pulp species should not be designed to secure lumber 

 from the material most suitable for that purpose and pulpwood from 

 the remainder of the stands. 



There are great possibilities in this region for the integration of 

 the lumber and pulp and paper industries; in fact, in Washington, 

 which ranks first in lumber production and fourth in pulp production, 

 an approach to integration has already been made. Such integration 

 would make feasible not only a more profitable utilization of saw-log 

 material but also a large use of both logging and sawmill waste. Of 

 the 956 thousand cords of pulpwood consumed in Washington in 1929, 

 387 thousand cords consisted of slabs or other sawmill waste. Log- 

 ging operations in western Washington alone annually produce 

 500,000 cords of small and low-grade Douglas fir, western hemlock, 

 Sitka spruce, and "true" fir logs which are difficult to dispose of 

 profitably and which could doubtless be used more advantageously 

 for pulp than lumber. It would be possible to draw from the areas 

 logged over annually in western Washington an additional 500,000 

 cords, by taking out material but little smaller or but little more 

 defective than that which is logged primarily for lumber. It is there- 

 fore possible to obtain 1 million cords of pulpwood annuaUy in western 

 Washington from operations designed primarily for lumber, without 

 taking into account the possibility of utilizing the 3 million cords of 

 material of cordwood size or larger left annually in the woods after 

 logging in the form of small or broken timber. 



South region. The spruce-fir-hemlock timber of the South has less 

 significance than similar amounts of the same species in either the 

 New England, Middle Atlantic, or Lake regions (table 5). These 

 stands, which occupy 'a relatively limited area on the higher slopes of 

 the southern Appalachian Mountains, are estimated at less than 5 

 million cords, and the prospect that they will reproduce after com- 

 mercial logging as now conducted is far less certain than in the more 

 northerly regions. 



As earlier described, the various stands of soda-pulp species cot- 

 tonwood, yellow poplar, birch, beech, maple, and gum have for the 

 most part been more or less heavily and repeatedly cut over in the 

 past. Although cutting exceeds growth, there are undoubtedly 

 many areas from which a large volume of pulpwood could be taken as 

 thinnings and improvement cuttings; in fact, its removal might be 

 made to constitute one step toward better forest management. With 

 proper methods of forest management in the cutting, and thereafter, 

 it should easily be possible for the South to take care of our present 

 national requirement for soda-pulp timber and to enlarge production 

 to absorb our increasing needs for years to come. Relatively small 

 areas could, if worked for pulpwood alone, be made to produce the 

 entire volume required. 



For sulphate pulp, as shown by table 5, the Southern States from 

 Virginia to Texas have a large supply of suitable timber and the 

 additional advantage of easy access to the principal markets of the 

 country. The South, moreover, is capable of reproducing stands of 

 southern yellow pines suitable for pulping purposes in approximately 

 25 years, a rate impossible elsewhere in the country except in the 

 Pacific Coast region. 



168342 33 vol. 1 14 



