A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 201 



print, wrapping papers, and bond. It was found that by modifying 

 the sulphate process a better yield of southern yellow pine pulp could 

 be obtained, also a pulp that could be bleached without serious loss of 

 strength. The method has thus far been used only with loblolly 

 and longleaf pine, but appears to be generally applicable to the other 

 pines. 



Concurrently with the study of the pines, the Forest Service has 

 conducted experiments with the gums and other southern hardwoods. 

 They have revealed that the sulphite process works satisfactorily 

 with the gums, particularly black and tupelo gums, yielding a fairly 

 strong pulp that bleaches easily to a blue-white color. It appears 

 that a book paper can be made by a combination of bleached pine 

 sulphate pulp and of bleached gurn sulphite pulp. Most book papers 

 contain bleached spruce sulphite along with soda pulp, which is usually 

 made from aspen. The long-fibered pine sulphate would take the 

 place of the spruce sulphite; and the gum sulphite, which would re- 

 place the soda pulp, would impart the blue- white color so greatly 

 desired. 



Another new development particular!/ suited to the reduction of 

 the southern hardwoods, which was also worked out at the Forest 

 Products Laboratory, is the so-called "semichemical process." It 

 is employed by at least five plants in pulping extracted chestnut chips, 

 a byproduct of tanning extract plants. Prior to 1925, these chips 

 were used only as fuel, but with the advent of the new process they 

 were successfully converted into corrugated paper stock. At another 

 mill semichemical gum pulp is converted into machine-glazed wrapping 

 papers of a light color. By a little more careful selection of the wood 

 this mill could undoubtedly produce from gum a semichemical paper 

 suitable for cheap print or tablet use. The semichemical process not 

 only gives high yields of pulp, but also a pulp capable of considerable 

 development as to strength. There is a possibility that semichemical 

 pulp can to an extent take the place of the more expensive kraft paper, 

 now used in the manufacture of pulpboard. It appears particularly 

 promising for use in a mixture with kraft for container lining. In 

 view of the already extensive development of the semichemical process 

 in the South and its unquestioned possibilities, the very large quan- 

 tity of gums and other hardwoods in the South should be considered 

 available to the pulp and paper industry there. 



North and south Rocky Mountain regions. These two western 

 regions afford an opportunity for enlarged sulphite and mechanical 

 pulp operations, but to a much smaller degree than the Pacific Coast 

 region or Alaska. They afford a similar opportunity for sulphate 

 pulp, but here also in much smaller degree than in the Pacific Coast 

 region or the South. The opportunity in both cases is based, as in 

 Alaska and the Pacific Coast region, on remaining supplies of virgin 

 timber. (Table 5.) At present, the industry is less developed in the 

 Rocky Mountain States than in any other forested region of the 

 United States. 



Alaska. Our pulpwpod resources are not confined to the 48 States. 

 Southeastern Alaska, in fact, is one of the two outstanding regions 

 with large virgin stands of softwoods adapted for sulphite and me- 

 chanical pulps. As compared with western Oregon and Washington, 

 southeastern Alaska has the advantage of practically pure stands of 

 spruce and hemlock, lower stumpage prices, and cheaper power. 



