WATERSHED AND RELATED FOREST INFLUENCES 



By E. N. MUNNS, in charge, Division of Silvics; W. R. CHAPLINE, in charge, 

 Division of Range Research; R. D. FORBES, Director, Allegheny Forest Experi- 

 ment Station; L. F. KELLOGG, Associate Silviculturist, Central States Forest 

 Experiment Station; and H. G. MEGINNIS, Junior Forester, Southern Forest 

 Experiment Station 



CONTENTS 



Tago 



Stream flow and erosion problems of national importance 300 



Domestic and industrial water supplies 300 



Irrigation 301 



Water power 302 



Navigation 303 



Floods 303 



Erosion 304 



Does forest cover aid in solving the problems of stream flow and erosion?_ 304 



Definition 1 of forest cover 305 



How forest cover influences run-off 306 



How forest cover influences erosion 314 



Consequences of disturbing the forest cover 316 



Watershed protection forests in other countries 328 



Classification of watershed protection influence of forests of the United 



States 329 



Drainage basins of the United States 330 



Northeastern drainages 330 



South Atlantic drainages 340 



East Gulf drainages 350 



West Gulf drainages 358 



St. Lawrence River Basin 365 



Hudson Bay drainages 368 



Upper Mississippi River Basin 369 



Ohio River Basin 378 



Missouri River Basin 395 



Arkansas and Red River drainages 404 



Lower Mississippi River Basin 412 



California drainages 418 



Colorado River Basin 430 



Upper Rio Grande Basin 438 



Great Basin 444 



Columbia River Basin 450 



Pacific Cascade drainages 458 



Summary and conclusions 461 



The forests of the United States, invaluable as a source of wood 

 and other tangible products, have so-called "intangible" values perhaps 

 equally great. The present section will describe the value of the for- 

 ests as regulators of stream flow and preventives of erosion. 



299 



