A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 497 



That those who go in search of game contribute in many ways to 

 business activity throughout the country is shown in the total re- 

 turns of about $158,600,000 for hunters' expenditures and $254,- 

 300,000 of tourist expenditures credited to wild-life attraction. 

 Hunters' expenditures include equipment, arms and ammunition 

 purchases and in addition transportation, lodging, food, guide, and 

 other personal expenses. Tourist expenditures are concerned with 

 all of these but arms and ammunition purchases. 



The Michigan Department of Conservation reported that hunters 

 spend $5,000,000 for sundry items. The expenditure for gasoline 

 was estimated at $500,000. 



In Utah data on hunters' expenditures were obtained during a 

 period of regulated deer hunting on the Beaver Ranger District of 

 the Fishlake National Forest. Not including the hunters' time, the 

 average cost per hunter amounted to $35.65. The total expenditures 

 for 2,542 hunters amounted to $90,622.30. Only direct equipment 

 costs, transportation, and supplies were included in these figures. 

 They are believed to be quite typical for the State. 



In addition, throughout the eastern regions, some private-land 

 owners derive a substantial income from leasing their lands to hunting 

 clubs or from selling hunting privileges to sportsmen. In the southern 

 pinelands, Leopold states (Journal of Forestry, 28:321-326), the quail 

 crop has an established market value for leasing purposes of 15 

 cents per acre per year. In his survey of the Central States, he says 

 that in certain States of this region, preserves are leased for 10 to 15 

 cents per acre and toll charges of $1 to $5 per man-day are received. 

 Such returns from a game crop, would be of tremendous assistance to 

 the landowner in meeting carrying charges. 



To the farmer, the dollars-and-cents value of wild life in destroying 

 insects harmful to crops is very difficult to evaluate but without ques- 

 tion is enormous. An idea of the value involved is given by W. L. 

 McAtee's figure in table 2 of 22.6 cents per acre in the eastern region 

 and 13.3 cents per acre in the western, or a total value for the United 

 States of $404,502,707. This amounts to a substantial subsidy for 

 the landowners of the United States. 



The values shown in table 2 have been cited not as a strictly mathe- 

 matical evaluation of the worth of our wild-life resource. They are 

 estimates for greatly fluctuating values and no claims of great accuracy 

 are made for them. But they do serve to indicate its present wide- 

 spread economic importance as a direct land resource susceptible of 

 expansion and development under wise multiple-use land management. 



RELATIONSHIP OF WILD LIFE TO OTHER FOREST USES 



Wild life is directly concerned with practically all other forest- 

 land uses. To discuss all these relationships in detail in this report 

 would involve the treatment of a great part of the field of plant and 

 animal biology. It is desired to set forth only a few of the significant 

 facts in which those concerned with forest and game management 

 are becoming more and more interested, as the sciences of forestry 

 and wild-life management develop with increasing knowledge. 



TIMBER PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION 



In general it can be stated that those things necessary for the pro- 

 tection of the forest from fire, as well as the application of such 



