A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMEIUCAN FORESTRY 981 



2. Wood-utilization problems, particularly that of developing 

 methods of getting out the numerous classes of forest raw materials 

 most economically and without damage to the remaining stand. 

 Closely connected with this problem is that of preparing and grading 

 forest raw materials in a manner to adapt them as closely as possible 

 to the requirements of manufacturers. At the present time large 

 losses occur because various products are manufactured from logs of 

 wholly unsuitable size and quality. 



3. Manufacturing problems: The largest such problem, one which 

 must rapidly grow more accure, is that of utilizing logs or bolts from 

 inferior trees or species. Closely related to this is the division of 

 manufacturing processes among different plants. At the present 

 time large quantities of lumber having numerous defects are shipped 

 to furniture manufacturers and other users of small clear pieces of 

 wood. Since this involves waste of from 30 to 50 percent of the 

 volume, important savings in transportation and often in manufacture 

 can be effected by performing the initial manufacturing operations 

 nearer the source of the timber. This procedure may result also in 

 saving much timber too low in grade to be manufactured into lumber. 



4. Marketing problems: Much remains to be done in this field, 

 including educating the public to put each species to its proper use. 

 Because liberal supplies of " all-purpose " woods have been available 

 until within rather recent years, the growing need to discriminate in 

 using lumber and other forests products of different species has been 

 little realized. 



5. The problem of correlating and coordinating all activities that 

 touch the forest : This is the only means of stopping the present wide- 

 spread waste both of forest products and of forest productivity and 

 of preserving and building up forest productivity. It is entirely 

 reasonable to expect that if this problem is solved in numerous com- 

 munities and enterprises scattered throughout the forest regions, the 

 example will be followed by other communities and enterprises. It 

 is here proposed that investigation, demonstration, and extension be 

 carried on jointly in selected communities and that increase of know- 

 ledge and practical application be pushed forward together. 



SEPARATION OF FOREST HOLDINGS FROM MANUFACTURING 



There are no doubt numerous cases of pulp and paper and other 

 wood-manufacturing enterprises of such assured permanence that the 

 owners are justified in engaging in forest management operations in 

 order to provide themselves with a permanent supply of raw material. 

 The assumption that this is universally necessary or desirable is of 

 much the same order as assuming that a meat-packing plant should 

 engage in the stock business. As a matter of fact the business of 

 continuous forest management and the business of manufacturing 

 and selling forest products are very distinct fields requiring wholly 

 different abilities. The great need of a forest business is an outlet 

 for many sorts and sizes of forest material. No one type of manufac- 

 turing plant can use all these sorts of material. Therefore to provide 

 every forest property or even the very large properties with complete 

 outlets would multiply plant investments beyond all possibility of 

 their yielding satisfactory earnings. Economical use of capital as 

 well as adequate attention to management details generally limits 



