A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 987 



At Harvard, the Bussey Institution is doing research in wood 

 anatomy, in its bearing on physiology, pathology, identification, 

 properties, and uses, and is making studies of the cambium in relation 

 to growth and of the bordered pits in relation to the ascent of sap 

 and wood preservation. 



Duke University at Durham, N.C., is beginning an active program 

 of research in botany and zoology, on subjects related to forestry. 

 At present 10 projects, 6 botanical and 4 zoological, are under way at 

 a cost of about $4,500. 



Cornell University has received an endowment of $10,000 to pro- 

 vide a chair of forest soils. A comprehensive program of forest soil 

 investigations, under direction of a full-time professor of soils, is in 

 progress. 



At Yale, Johns Hopkins, Chicago, Stanford, Cincinnati, and other 

 endowed universities research in general plant ecology and physiology 

 frequently includes studies of forest invasion or succession, or of the 

 physiological functions of trees. Lawrence College, Appleton, Wis., 

 maintains an Institute of Paper Chemistry at which research in the 

 chemistry of paper is conducted. At the University of Wisconsin a 

 private fellowship in forest economics, dealing with the forestry as- 

 pects of land utilization, has been carried for two years with an 

 expenditure of $1,200 annually. This has now been discontinued, but 

 during the current year about $600 was expended on the project. 



Clark University, Worcester, Mass., while not at present engaged 

 in research dealing with forestry, has in the past directed the work of 

 graduate students in studies of the relation of forests to industry in 

 Maine, the geographical factors affecting present forest distribution in 

 Nearctic North America, the invasion and succession of forest types 

 upon the soils of the Massachusetts upland, and a series of localized 

 investigations on the land utilization of a number of upland New 

 England towns, in which the forest played an incidental part. 



It is difficult to estimate the expenditures for research relating 

 specifically to forestry and forest products at these institutions, since 

 it forms only a part of the investigative work conducted. A conserv- 

 ative estimate would place the aggregate annual cost of the studies 

 directly pertaining to forestry at $60,000. 



FOREST RESEARCH BY ENDOWED RESEARCH 

 INSTITUTIONS 



The Carnegie Institute of Washington, chiefly through its division 

 of plant biology, is conducting numerous investigations basic or 

 closely related to forestry. At the Alpine Laboratory, Manitou, Colo., 

 the Coastal Laboratory, Carmel, Calif., and the Desert Laboratory, 

 Tucson, Ariz., studies in plant ecology, activity of woody tissues 

 relative to physiological functions, diurnal and seasonal changes in 

 tree diameters, relation of precipitation to run-off and soil moisture, 

 and various relations and responses of physiological functions to 

 environmental conditions are being made as part of comprehensive 

 investigations relating to the ecology of forest, range, chaparral, and 

 subordinate forest vegetation. Studies of climatic cycles and tree 

 growth, of root development and root functions of the redwood, of 

 photosynthesis and carbohydrate chemistry, and of the cambium and 

 its derivative tissues have also been made. The total expense for 



