A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY QQ1 



pulp and paper companies 35 in the Northeast, 10 in the Lake States, 

 8 in the Central States, 3 in the South, and 2 in California. Fourteen 

 are credited with 8 or more technical workers apiece, and the total 

 number of technical men normally employed by all these laboratories 

 is probably about 285. Even at present the collective research ex- 

 penditures throughout the industry are more than $2,000,000 a 

 year, according to the research committee of the American Pulp 

 and Paper Association. 



From replies to a questionnaire sent out in 1928 to the larger manu- 

 facturing concerns in the United States by the National Research 

 Council, the trend of major emphasis on research by pulp and paper 

 manufacturers is as follows: 



Percent 



To reduce production costs 31 



To improve quality of product and service 35 



To develop new fields of application 23 



To develop byproducts or new materials 11 



These objectives are those of pulp and paper manufacture rather 

 than timber production. Among them are the standardization of 

 processes in order to obtain the uniform products so important from 

 the commercial point of view, and the development of special kinds 

 of paper. Another is the improvement of the commonly used proc- 

 esses of pulp making. Still another concerns the methods used for 

 recovering the liquors used in the pulping processes and thus avoiding 

 stream pollution. Investigations aimed to make hitherto unused 

 woods available for paper manufacture, or to extend the adaptability 

 of certain species to new uses, are often of far-reaching importance, as 

 in the case of experiments recently started by Georgia in cooperation 

 with the Chemical Foundations, Inc., of New York, to develop the use 

 of southern pines for newsprint. 



In the manufacture of wood and fiber-board containers, 17 firms 

 and one association of firms maintain research organizations of one or 

 more technical men, and 18 other firms have box-testing equipment 

 but probably do not devote as much as one half time of one man to 

 research. The research on containers may be considered largely as 

 the application to special problems of principles and methods previ- 

 ously developed by Federal research. Of the 18 larger laboratories, 

 7 are in the Northeast, 9 in the Central States, and one each in 

 Minnesota and California. 



Nine large companies, including the Bell Telephone, du Pont de 

 Nemours, Western Union Telegraph, and American Creosoting com- 

 panies, have laboratories in which more or less research in wood 

 preservation is under way, but no estimate can be given of the 

 number of men so engaged. Wood-preservation research is confined 

 largely to the manufacturers of preservatives and to users of pre- 

 served materials, including telephone and telegraph companies and 

 railroads. Seven companies conduct research on the fireproofing of 

 wood. The du Pont and the Dow Chemical companies are doing 

 some research on sap stain. 



Eight organizations are listed as engaged in paint and varnish 

 research related to the use of wood. These include, among others, 

 the Aluminum Co. of America, the Bell Telephone Laboratories, E. I. 

 du Pont de Nemours and Co., and the Institute of Paint and Varnish 

 Research. An equivalent of the time of 10 technical workers is 

 normally engaged in this research. In the glue industry it is difficult 

 to estimate the proportion of the listed research that is directed toward 



