1026 A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 



(3) when a stand is clear cut and the land is not to be cultivated; or 



(4) when the total cut exceeds 2,500 cubic meters of logs in the 

 temperate belt or 1,000 cubic meters in the tropical belt. The trees 

 that are cut must be replaced by trees of the same or better kinds. 



The department may at any time order owners to restore vegeta- 

 tion destroyed by artificial or natural causes. If the owners are 

 unable to do this, the department is to help them. If the executive 

 (through the department) believes that certain lands should be 

 afforested because of their location or for topographic or hydro- 

 logical reasons, or for any other cause, it may order such work to 

 be done under penalty of expropriation of the land. The Federal 

 Government or the States may expropriate private woodland or 

 bare land for forest reserves, for reasons of public utility. 



All wood-using industries must utilize wood completely, without 

 waste. Timber used for posts, mine props, and other uses where 

 frequent renewal is necessary must be treated with preservatives. 



NETHERLANDS 37 



Although more than 80 percent of the forest land of the Nether- 

 lands is privately owned, there are very few restrictions on its manage- 

 ment. In order to prevent serious forest insect infestations, unpeeled 

 conifer logs may not be left in the woods between May 15 and 

 August 1. An owner must take reasonable precautions to prevent 

 the spread of fires caused by railroads or tramroads. Those who 

 do not take such precautions are not entitled to collect damages 

 from the railroad or tramroad company causing a fire. 



A recent law (1928) provides for reduction in taxation of forest 

 property having especial scenic or recreational value, provided the 

 public is allowed access to it. Land that comes under this law is to 

 be subject to sufficient public control to safeguard its scenic value, 

 and an owner must notify the forest service before cutting timber. 



The state, or a municipality, or a recognized foundation incor- 

 porated for the preservation of natural beauty may expropriate 

 forests in order to protect the beauties of nature, and cutting in 

 such forests may be forbidden pending expropriation. 



NORWAY 38 



Nearly 80 percent of the productive forest area of Norway is 

 privately owned, and 70 percent is owned by farmers. 



The township (herred) councils or individual parishes may, by 

 resolution ratified by the King, adopt regulations for preventing the 

 destruction of private forests within their respective territories, 

 except those on homesteads (farm wood lots). These regulations 

 may cover the methods of cutting and managing the forests, except 

 that clearing shall be allowed where the land is to be used for gardens, 



" Boschwet 1922 Wet van den 19den Mei, 1922, houdende bepalingen betreffende den boschbouw. 

 Staatsblad van net koninkrijk der Nederlanden. 



Van Dissel, E. (Director of State Forest Administration of the Netherlands), manuscript report in files 

 U.S. Forest Service. January 1932. 



38 Lov av 7 juni 1916 om tillaeg til lov om vernskogens bevarelse og mot skogens tfdelaeggelse m.v. 8 august 

 1908. Also Law of August 8, 1908, on preservation of protection forests and prevention of forest destruc- 

 tion. (Translations by S. T. Dana.) 



Lov nr. 4 om forandring i lov om vernskogens bevarelse og mot skogens 0deleggelse m.v. av August 1908 

 6 juin 1930. In Annuaire International de Legislation Agricole. 1930. Internatl. Inst. Agr., Rome, 1930. 



Nieuwejaar, Otto, "Norwegian laws concerning protection forests and the prevention of forest destruc- 

 tion." Journal of Forestry 29: 87-91. 1931 



