A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 1027 



crops, meadows, buildings, roads, etc. Restrictions on grazing 

 seasons, incorporated in an earlier law, are no longer provided. 

 The regulations may distinguish between commercial cutting and 

 that for domestic use; owners or users may be required to utilize 

 dead trees and other waste material before cutting green trees; 

 burning of brush land may be forbidden except with the approval 

 of the forest inspectors. Owners may be required to deposit a cash 

 guarantee that the area will be restocked in case of cutting for sale 

 or for industrial use; this is deposited in a savings bank and returned 

 to the owner with interest after the reproduction has become well 

 established. 



The governing councils of the townships or the parishes, as the 

 case may be, may appoint township or parish forest boards consisting 

 of five residents, at least three of whom shall be forest owners. These 

 boards (or the councils if no boards are appointed) issue instructions 

 and supervise the enforcement of the law and regulations. They 

 appoint forest inspectors or rangers, who are paid half by the township 

 or parish, and half by the state if the regulations and provision for their 

 enforcement are approved by the state forest service. 



A supplementary law of 1916 applies to all parishes which had not 

 already adopted regulations for private forests. This forbids the 

 cutting for commercial purposes or industrial use of conifers under 20 

 centimeters (approximately 8 inches) in diameter, except that sup- 

 pressed or unthrifty trees or others which should be removed for the 

 good of the forest may be cut after being marked by a state or county 

 forester. The forest board must be notified at least 14 days before 

 cutting any trees for sale or industrial use. Leaving of seed trees may 

 also be required. 



Under the 1908 law, as amended in 1930, protection forests may be 

 classified by the forest service, acting in collaboration with a com- 

 mission of three members, two of whom must be forest owners. 

 Such forests may be those protecting against landslides, floods, drift- 

 ing sand, or those necessary for the protection of an adjoining forest 

 or cultivated land, or those which, because of their situation (high 

 altitude, latitude, proximity to the coast, etc.), would become devas- 

 tated if heavily cut or otherwise misused. Boundaries of such forests 

 must be marked. Provisions for the protection of these forests are to 

 be drawn up in each case by the forester of the district or by a forester 

 appointed by the forest service, and must be agreed to by the county 

 or township commission (see above) and ratified by the King. No 

 timber may be cut in protection forests except in a manner prescribed 

 by the forest service; upon request by the owner the trees to be cut 

 will be marked by the forester in charge. 



PERU 39 



Most of the forest land of Peru is still in public ownership. The 

 only public control over private forests is the requirement that per- 

 mission must be obtained before cutting timber near the seacoasts 

 or in the mountains within 20 kilometers of railroads. 



3 Executive decree of Dec. 30, 1919. 



