1028 A NATIONAL PLAN FOE AMERICAN FORESTRY 



POLAND < 



Two thirds of the forest area of Poland is privately owned, and 

 two thirds of the private forest is in fairly large holdings. 



Forest land may not be cleared for other use without special per- 

 mission. Nonprotection forests of less than 5 to 10 hectares, depend- 

 ing on the province, are not subject to this restriction unless they are 

 contiguous to larger tracts. Forests that are clear cut or denuded in 

 any other manner must be ^ reforested artificially within three years 

 unless natural regeneration is assured. 



All forests must be managed under approved working plans on a 

 sustained yield basis, and no cutting (except to salvage dead or down 

 material) may be done that is not provided in the plan. Grazing is 

 prohibited in stands less than 15 years old or less than 3 feet tall. 



The owner must notify the authorities of insect outbreaks and must 

 use reasonable effort to combat them. 



Protection forests (classified by the forest service upon its own 

 initiative or upon the petition of interested parties) are those deemed 

 essential for preventing erosion, loss of soil fertility, land or rock 

 slides, washing of stream banks, drifting sand, or formation of torrents, 

 and those important for the national defense or for scientific purposes. 

 Such forests may not be destroyed in order to make other use of the 

 land. The methods of cutting and grazing are subject to the general 

 control of the forest service and the direct control of the district and 

 provincial administrative councils. 



PORTUGAL 



Private forests in Portugal, if located within zones which have been 

 declared to be of public utility, are subject to public control on the 

 ground that a forest cover is necessary in order to regularize the flow 

 of streams, prevent flood damage to the lowlands, protect ridges and 

 waste lands, ameliorate the climate, or fix and conserve the soil in 

 mountain regions and coastal dunes. This classification is made by 

 the Minister of Agriculture, with the advice of the forestry section of 

 the Superior Council of Agriculture. 



The State polices these forests, helps in drawing up working plans, 

 provides free seed and planting stock and technical direction of 

 planting operations, and exempts plantations of more than 1 hectare 

 from property taxes for 20 years. 



The owners of classified forests must manage them according to 

 working plans approved by the forest service, must employ a forest 

 guard for each 500 hectares (about 1,250 acres) of forest in flat 

 country or 350 hectares (875 acres) in the mountains (or share the 

 cost with the State where small properties are situated close to State 

 forests), and must report all sales, leases, or exchanges of land or 

 timber within 30 days. The customary methods of exploitation are 

 allowed, but the land may not be clear cut or the stumps removed 

 unless the whole area is to be immediately reforested by sowing or 

 planting. 



<o Revue des Eaux et Forfits 68: 393. 1930. 

 Deutsche Forstzeitung 45: 116-117. 1930. 



Annuaire International do Legislation agricole 1927, p. 122. Internatl. Inst. Agr., Rome, 1928. 

 Swinarski, Teodor, " Der Sehutz der Privatforsten in Polen." Vierteljahrshefte der Polnischen Land- 

 wirtschaft 1: 68-77. 1929. 

 41 Bulletin de la SocifitS Centrale Forestiere de Belgique, 30: 16-21. 1923. 



