A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 1Q29 



Any infraction of the working plan or failure to carry out reforesta- 

 tion as required may be punished by a fine or by expropriation of the 

 land. An owner also may request that land subject to mandatory 

 control be expropriated. ^ The income from the sale of timber and 

 land from the State domain is to be used exclusively for the purchase 

 and afforestation of land to be managed as public forest. 



Under the law of 1901 private forests outside of the zone of public 

 utility may be submitted to control upon the request of the owners, 

 ei ther individually or through associations. Forests subj ected to such 

 optional control are entitled to the same benefits and are subject to 

 the same restrictions as those subject to mandatory control, except in 

 the case of what is called " simple police control", in which the owner 

 merely desires public assistance in reforesting and protecting his 

 forest. In this case planting stock and technical help in planting are 

 furnished at cost instead of gratis, and the owner is not obliged to 

 follow any set plan of management. 



Since 1927 all private owners have been required to obtain permis- 

 sion before cutting, unless their forests are handled under approved 

 working plans. 



RUMANIA 



About 40 percent of the forest area of Rumania was privately 

 owned in 1922, but agrarian legislation allotting public land to the 

 peasants has resulted in a considerable increase in private forest since 

 then. A large part of the standing timber is controlled by large 

 owners or industrialists, either through direct ownership or through 

 lease. 



Mandatory control is applied to protection forests; that is, those 

 on the crests and slopes of mountains and hills or on the headwaters 

 of torrents, as well as any others serving to prevent landslides, erosion, 

 or washing of stream banks, to protect roads or railroads on or near 

 steep slopes, stabilize drifting sands, or to regularize stream flow ; and 

 those needed for the national defense (upon recommendation of the 

 Minister of War). 



Such forests must be managed according to working plans, or equiva- 

 lent plans of operation, prepared by qualified technicians and approved 

 by the Technical Council. Deforestation is not allowed. In case of 

 cutting within 12 years, a guarantee fund must be deposited with the 

 Ministry of Domains to insure that the area will be reforested. After 

 12 years this deposit may be dispensed with, providing the owner has 

 managed his forest for at least 10 years in such a manner that the cut- 

 over areas are well stocked and in good condition. If the owner or 

 operator fails to reforest satisfactorily within the period prescribed 

 in the plan, the State will do it at his expense. 



Grazing may be allowed only to an extent that will not endanger the 

 regeneration of the forest. It is not allowed in even-aged stands less 

 than 30 years old which have followed clear cutting, in coppice less 

 than 15 years old, in selection forest with a cutting cycle of less than 

 15 years, or in any forest where gullying has started or is threatened. 



In nonprotection forests stock may not be grazed in stands less than 

 10 years old (except those of willow, cottonwood, and the like, which 



42 Sburlan, A., "Die Walder Rumaniens, deren Holzindustrie und Holzhandel." Centralbl. f.d. 

 Gesamte Forstwesen 55:49-70. 1929. 

 Rumanian Code forestier. Apr. 1, 1910. 



