A NATIONAL PLAN FOE AMERICAN FORESTRY 1035 



Federal Government (in some instances with additional grants by 

 the cantoris) contributes 30 to 50 percent of the cost of reforestation 

 in protection forests where the opening is the result of fire, storm, 

 avalanche, or insect epidemic, and also contribute up to 40 percent 

 of the cost of logging roads and other facilities for transporting 

 timber. 



Most of the cantons have their own forest laws, which supplement 

 the Federal law. Some of them are considerably more restrictive. 

 In Berne, for instance, no forest may be cleared unless at least an equal 

 area is planted. Grazing in the catchment basins of torrents is pro- 

 hibited, and any forest grazing or gathering of litter is subject to strict 

 supervision. Protection forests must be handled under working plans 

 approved by the cantonal council, and their execution is supervised by 

 the cantonal foresters. All cutting, except for household use, must 

 be authorized in advance. In Vaud all trees over 15 centimeters 

 (6 inches) in diameter that are to be cut must be marked. Any cutting 

 removing more than 20 cubic meters per hectare (approximately 280 

 cubic feet per acre), or unduly breaking the canopy, must be author- 

 ized in advance, and the method of cutting may be prescribed in 

 detail. 



In Valais, for every cutting amounting to more than 5 cubic meters 

 in high forest or 12 cubic meters in coppice, the trees must be marked 

 with the assistance of a cantonal forester, and for commercial cutting 

 hi excess of 30 cubic meters of timber or 40 steres of cordwood the 

 marking must be done by the forester. When clearing is allowed, the 

 owner must reforest an equivalent area at his own expense. Grazing 

 where the young growth is less than 4 meters high is forbidden. In 

 Neufchatel trees to be cut must be marked in company with an 

 inspector. Clear cutting of more than 0.3 hectare in one place may 

 not be done unless authorized by the Federal council. 



TANGANYIKA 47 



The area of privately owned forests in Tanganyika is relatively 

 small. Not more than one fourth of the area of any forest of more 

 than 250 acres may be cleared unless reforestation is assured. The 

 Conservator of Forests may control felling on lands situated on catch- 

 ment basins where it appears that cutting of the timber would jeopard- 

 ize water supplies. Private owners who manage their forests under 

 working plans approved by the conservator are not subject to other 



restrictions. 



TURKEY < 8 



Less than 5 percent o the Turkish forest is privately owned. The 

 forestry law of 1924 requires an owner to obtain a permit before cutting 

 in his forest. Such permission may be refused unless he submits a 

 plan of exploitation. 



YUGOSLAVIA 



About one third of the forest area of Yugoslavia is in private owner- 

 ship, mostly in small holdings. The forest legislation is based on the 

 principle that the soil of the country, regardless of its nominal owner- 



Proceedings of British Empire Forestry Conference, 1928, p 

 Hinkle, E M., Manuscript report i~ -'" ' TT 

 Loi sur les forfits, 21 decembre 1929. 



a Ugrenovic, B Aleksander?Manuscript report in files of U.S. Forest Service. 1932. 



.rruueeumgs ui .DIIUSII jiiiupnc A-UICOUJ w**~*~~*~, , _- - , n oo 



Hinkle, E. M., Manuscript report in files of U.S. Forest Service. 1932. 



Loi sur les forfits 21 decembre 1929. In Annuaire International de Legislation Agricole, 19, 



