1182 A NATIONAL PLAN FOB AMERICAN FOKESTRY 



activities of State forestry employees performing principally other 

 duties. 



Extension work, which comprises demonstrations of desirable forest 

 management practices and the furnishing of advice as to thinnings, 

 management, and care of private timber-growing projects, is a form 

 of indirect State aid. During the fiscal year 1931 Wisconsin ranked 

 first among the States with an expenditure of $9,199 for forestry 

 extension work, Pennsylvania second with $8,657, and Georgia third 

 with $6,080. 



TREE DISEASE CONTROL 



During the fiscal year 1932 the States made $245,987 available for 

 forest-tree disease control for the aid of private owners. The work 

 financed by States was confined to the New England, Middle Atlantic, 

 Lake, and Pacific coast regions and was specifically for pine-blister- 

 rust control. This rust affects only five-needle pines, so that control 

 work is not needed outside the regions where these species grow. 

 Control consists in the eradication of gooseberry and black-currant 

 bushes, the intermediate host of the rust fungus. 



Of the total amount made available the States appropriated and 

 allotted $196,282 and towns $49,705. In the north Kocky Mountain 

 region (Idaho and Montana) $30,000 of State money was made avail- 

 able but this amount is not included in the total as an aid to private 

 owners because it was spent on State rather than privately owned 

 lands. The annual State tree-disease control expenditures in behalf 

 of private owners amounts to 4.5 percent of all State aid expenditures 

 for forestry in the United States. 



GIPSY MOTH AND OTHER INSECT CONTROL 



Forest insect control embraces all efforts by spraying, dusting, the 

 breeding and release of parasites, or otherwise, to combat forest insect 

 pests. Direct State aid in insect control at present is centered on the 

 control of the gipsy moth, a tree-defoliating insect which has caused 

 great loss in the northeastern region of the United States. 



Large sums have been made available by States in the New England 

 region and by New Jersey and New York for the control of this de- 

 stroyer. The Federal Plant Quarantine and Control Administration 

 reports the expenditure during the fiscal year 1932 by six States 

 and during the calendar year 1931 by two States of $1,311,703 from 

 State, county, and town funds. 



Control barriers are established within forest areas to prevent 

 spread of the defoliating insects, but a very considerable portion of 

 the funds is devoted to spraying and dusting along roadsides and some 

 for work on shade trees. Since all types of work combine to aid in 

 preventing spread of the disease to commercial forest areas, the entire 

 expenditure as reported has been included in tables 1 and 2 as State 

 aid to private forest owners. 



Only one other forest insect control project in 1931 is part of the 

 present record. In Washington the State, county, and private forest 

 interests combined to finance a $15,000 project which is described in 

 the latter part of this section. This makes the imposing total for the 

 Nation of $1,319,437 spent for forest insect control work by the States 

 as an aid to private owners, or 24.3 percent of all State aid expenditures 



