A NATIONAL PLAN FOB AMEEICAN FORESTRY 1417 



closest cooperation is required for the successful conduct of control 

 work. The means developed to meet these complex needs are dis- 

 cussed under "The Progress in Forest Entomology". 



For the fiscal year 1933 there is available for insect control in 

 Federal services as follows: Forest Service, $100,000; National Park 

 Service, $50,000; and Bureau of Indian Affairs, $20,000. These funds 

 are totally inadequate as evidenced by the call for extra money through 

 various deficiency bills. It is conservatively estimated that in order 

 to meet present needs for protection from forest insects $400,000 is 

 needed annually by these agencies administering Federal lands. On 

 the basis of this same degree of protection $200,000 should take care 

 of insect outbreaks on private lands, and $15,000 on State-owned 

 lands. This amount will only be adequate for a few years to come. 

 As timber now economically inaccessible becomes more valuable, 

 and as the recreational areas on the national parks are expanded, 

 more and more of these insect outbreaks must be controlled. 



2. A well-organized system of detection is necessary to 



(a) Avoid the introduction of injurious foreign insects; 



(b) To detect outbreaks of native insects in the early stages in 

 order that control work may be initiated when it is most effective 

 and least expensive. 



The need for taking every reasonable measure for the interception 

 of foreign pests before they become established in the country is 

 fully appreciated and the dire consequences that can follow such intro- 

 duction are well illustrated by the destruction caused by the gipsy, 

 browntail, and satin moths and the European pine shoot moth. 



Early detection of insect outbreaks is obviously a prerequisite to 

 control. The failure of certain control projects has been the result 

 of tardiness in recognizing an active infestation or in incomplete in- 

 formation as to its virulence and extent. It is obvious that a well- 

 executed system of detection, coupled with prompt action in control, 

 will prevent the development of many barkbeetle outbreaks such as 

 we are now 'witnessing and powerless to stem. Such a program is 

 economical not alone because of the timber saved, but as well in the 

 actual outlay of money for control. Throughout the western States 

 cooperative detection systems have been set up between the Federal 

 land administering agencies, States, private owners and the Bureau 

 of Entomology. These so-called regional surveys are in various stages 

 of perfection, depending on the values at stake, the degree of insect 

 hazard and the funds available. These projects should be extended 

 and carried to the point where the forest areas can be zoned according 

 to their susceptibility to insect infestations, and each susceptible area 

 rated according to values, whether for potential lumber or for park 

 and watershed cover. This will give a basis for decision as to the areas 

 that the owner or administrator should protect and the areas that 

 will be deeded over to the insects when the advance guards of the 

 epidemic appear and present claim to the timber. 



3. An adequate program of forest research. 



Research is absolutely essential to the perfection of all phases of the 

 practical application of forest entomology, whether it be direct con- 

 trol, prevention, or the use of beneficial insects. The extent to which 

 this application depends on the peculiar habits of each species of insect 

 has already been pointed out in the section entitled "Progress in 

 Forest Entomology", Through research direct control methods 



