A NATIONAL PLAN FOR AMERICAN FORESTRY 1445 



OTHER MEASURES 



In turpentining operations, the same reservation of seed trees 

 should be made. 



In restricted portions of the territory occupied by the type, hogs 

 are numerous, and should be fenced out of areas reproducing to 

 longleaf pine ; if a satisfactory stand of slash or some other associated 

 pine may be expected, the fencing is unnecessary. 



COSTS 



Small trees which cannot be profitably removed from a stand at 

 the time of cutting may include the necessary seed trees, and in 

 general virgin longleaf pines 1 1 inches diameter breast high or smaller 

 have no immediately recoverable value as saw timber. Trees as 

 small as 9 inches diameter breast high have some turpentine rental 

 value. In the event that larger trees have to be left, the investment 

 in seed trees, considering both stumpage value and turpentine rental, 

 may run up to $3 an acre, but will probably average more nearly 

 $1. These values should be recoverable, with interest in the form of 

 growth, at the next cutting or turpentining period. 



Fencing costs to prevent grazing will vary greatly with the size 

 of the tract to be enclosed. Hog-proofing an area of several thousand 

 acres might cost 60 cents an acre in initial cost and upkeep for 10 

 years. 



Total costs may run as high as $3.60 an acre, with a common 

 average of about $1.60. Offsetting financial advantages that often 

 result from the recommended practices are similar to those discussed 

 for previous types. 



SHORTLEAF-LOBLOLLY PINE-HARDWOODS TYPE 



Devastation is chiefly confined to the saw-timber operations on 

 the extreme western edge of this type. East of the Mississippi, 

 ownership is much less concentrated, and in the Piedmont region 

 farm wood lots are the rule. The ensuing discussion applies almost 

 wholly to the west-Mississippi territory. 



There is a much greater tendency toward all-aged stands than in 

 the previous type, and, as the type name implies, toward a mixture 

 of species. Relatively little pine still reman in virgin stands, which 

 over considerable areas have been robbed of young growth by re- 

 peated fires. Where the pine is clear cut only a few decadent and 

 worthless hardwoods remain. Even where a few pines survive 

 logging, they are likely to be wiped out by fires in the slash. On the 

 other hand bushy-crowned shortleaf or loblolly pines left standing on 

 cut-over lands produce large and almost annual crops of seed, which 

 is carried to considerable distances by the wind and in the absence 

 of fire produces excellent stands of second growth. Shortleaf pine 

 has the important ability to sprout from small stumps or roots of 

 small trees killed above ground by fire. 



Fire protection alone, of the degree already described, will go a 

 very long way toward preventing devastation in this type, by per- 

 mitting advance growth of both pine and promising hardwoods. 

 The following measure is necessary to prevent devastation of such 

 areas as have not yet a satisfactory advance growth. 



