236 NATURAL HISTOKY. 



dinary forms and appearance of Pupae (plural of Pupa) 

 are represented in Fig. 185. 



I 



Fig. 185. a, Pupa of a Water-beetle (ilydrophihis) ; 6, Pupa of Sphinx Ligustri. 



404. The different larvae of Insects have the different 

 names of maggot, grub, and caterpillar, according to 

 their form and appearance. The pupae of Butterflies and 

 Moths were formerly called Chrysalids and Aurelias, be- 

 cause the coverings of some of them have spots of a 

 golden hue. The term Chrysalis is often used at the 

 present day as synonymous with pupa, and this state of 

 the Insect is called the Chrysalid state. 



405. The changes which take place in the pupa state 

 are very great, even radical ones. There is commonly 

 no resemblance between the Larva and its Imago. There 

 may be great beauty in the Imago, and none in the Lar- 

 va, and sometimes the reverse is the case. Then, as to 

 form and general structure, the contrast is of the most 

 marked character. In the Larva state it was a slow, 

 crawling animal, but in the Imago state it is light, per- 

 haps delicate in structure, and is nimble on the wing. 

 And the change is as great internally as it is externally. 

 Its stomach even is changed, for its mode of getting a 

 livelihood is different now. There are corresponding 

 changes also about the mouth, a coiled tongue perhaps 

 appearing in place of the formidable gnawing apparatus 

 of the larva. In relation to this change it has been well 



