THE MlCROPTERYGIDfcS. 135 



fed in this way, and kept damp enough. The imagines pair readily, 

 and apparently do so more than once. 



Packard finds other primitive characters in the head and trunk. 

 He says : " The head is of moderate size, as well as the body, with 

 small compound eyes, and with two ocelli. The occipital region is 

 well developed, as is the epicranium ; the clypeus and labrum are of 

 moderate size. The generalised nature of the thorax is especially 

 noteworthy. The prothorax is seen to be very much reduced, the two 

 tergites being separate and minute, not readily seen from above. The 

 rest of the thorax is very long, exhibiting but little concentration. The 

 mesothorax is but slightly larger than the metathorax. The meso- 

 scutum is very short ; the scutellum rather triangular than scutellate. 

 The metathorax is but little shorter and smaller than the mesothorax, 

 and remarkable for the widely separated halves of the scutum, a 

 neuropterous character (compare Ascalaphus and Corydalm), in which 

 it differs from Micropteryx (i.e. , Enocrania) . The shape of the scutellum 

 is that of a low flattened triangle. As regards the abdomen, attention 

 should be called to the disparity in size and shape between the sexes ; 

 also to the male genital armature, which is very large, and completely 

 exserted, and reminds us of that of Corydalus, in which, however, the 

 lateral claspers are much reduced ; and also of that of certain 

 Trichoptera (Sencostoma, Tinodes, Stenophylax, Hydropsyche, etc.). The 

 neu ration of both pairs of wings is much as in Micropteryx (i.e., Erio- 

 crania] " [Bombycine Moths, etc. p. 59] . 



Kellogg has shown that in the Micropterygids (mansuetella, thun- 

 bcrtjclla, seppella and anderschella), there are, in common with the 

 Eriocraniids (unimaculella, sparnnaiiella,fastuosella, semipurpurella),a,nd. 

 Hepialids (sylvinus, gracilis, humuli, argentata, hecta, purpurascens, etc.), 

 besides the specialised lepidopterous scales arranged in regular rows 

 or tiers over the membrane, a covering of very fine hairs, differing 

 radically from the true scales, in size, arrangement, and mode of 

 attachment to the membrane. These minute hairs have not yet been 

 discovered in any superfamily other than the three referred to the 

 JUGATE. This clothing of the wings is considered to be essentially 

 that of the Trichoptera, only in a more specialised condition. He also 

 statesf that the well-known scale-hairs of the Trichoptera are 

 simply the true lepidopterous scale in a generalised condition, and that 

 there are many instances among the caddis-flies (Setodes,Mystacides, etc.), 

 of the presence of well-developed scales. 



Chapman states that the Micropterygid (Eriocephalid) larva is the 

 only other " Micro " larva (not mining or feeding internally or under 

 a web) having a similar form to the larvae of Anthrocerids and Eucleids 

 (Limacodids). He further considers that the suckers on the first 

 eight abdominal segments of the Eucleid larva, are probably homo- 

 logous with prolegs, and also with the eight pairs of abdominal legs 

 of Micropteryx (Eriocephala). Chapman also says that the long spines 

 (described later) which develop rapidly in the larva of Apoda avellana 

 at the,period of hatching, correspond in position with no larval processes 

 known, except those of Micropteryx. In the former, the dorsal series 

 on one side, though consisting of one spine on each segment, has 



* " Classification of the Lepidoptera," American Naturalist, 1895, pp. 250 et seq. . 

 t "Affinities of the Lepidopterous wing," American Naturalist, 1895, pp.709 et seq. 



