NEPT1CULA MINUSCULELLA. 199 



and two lines receding from it, reddish (Stainton). The larva has 

 a pale head, has no trace of the cephalic ganglia, and a tinge of blue 

 in its green ground-colour (Wood) . Warren records that the larvae 

 go through the winter, and that some he had in the autumn of 1882 

 did not make their cocoons until the middle of April, 1883. He con- 

 siders that they hybernate on the ground. Fletcher adds : " The pear 

 species occurring here (Worthing) agrees in its life-history with 

 Warren's experience of 1882-1888. My larvae came out of their 

 mines and forthwith spun their cocoons, and so, I infer, did the larvae 

 described by Stainton, Nat. Hist. Tin., vii., p. 164 " (in litt., June 

 12th, 1898). 



COCOON. When the cocoon is freshly spun, in March or the 

 middle of April, it is of a bright yellow colour (Warren). Stainton 

 says : " The cocoon is small and greenish-brown in colour." This 

 probably is so after the cocoon has been exposed to the weather for a 

 time. 



FOOD-PLANT. Pyrus communis, prefers wild to cultivated forms. 



TIME OF APPEARANCE. Stainton says that the species is double- 

 brooded, the imagines appearing in May and July, from larvae that 

 have fed up in August and June respectively. Wood adds that larvae 

 are found feeding in July, and again in September. Boyd bred speci- 

 mens on February 22nd, 1869, from larvae collected in pear leaves, at 

 Cheshunt, in August, 1868. There are specimens in Stainton's 

 collection, bred by Boyd, Feb. 18th and March 3rd, 1868 (? 1869). 

 Hodgkinson bred imagines on April 17th, 1888, from mines found in 

 October, 1887 ; some others also emerged on April 6th, 1889, from 

 the same mines. Peyerimhoff says that there are three broods in 

 Alsace, viz., June, August and October, the imagines from the latter 

 emerging in April. Frey writes : " Die kleine griine Larve kommt in 

 doppelter Generation vor, einer sommerlichen, von welcher die Kaupen 

 in der zweiten Junihalfte erwachsen sind, und einer sehr bald nachfol- 

 genden herbstlichen, welche sich schon von Mitte bis Ende August 

 zur Verpuppung anschickt." Frey further adds, that he has found 

 the summer generation at the beginning of July, and taken the ima- 

 gines of the first brood in copula at the end of May. Fletcher notes 

 the occurrence of larvae at Worthing, July 1st, 1898, the greater part 

 of the mines being, however, empty on that date. 



LOCALITIES. CAMBRIDGE: Cambridge (Warren). DEVON: Exeter (Parfitt). 

 HEREFOBD: Tarrington and Woolhope (Wood). HERTS: Cheshunt (Boyd). 

 LANCASHIRE: Preston (Threlfall), Ashton (Hodgkinson). SUSSEX: Worthing and 

 Bognor, in pear leaves, in gardens (Fletcher). 



DISTRIBUTION. France : Nohaut (Sand). Germany : Hanover, 

 ? Brandenburg (Sorhagen), Frankfort-on-the-Main (Heinemann), 

 Alsace (Peyerimhoff), Breslau in Silesia (Wocke), Eatisbon in 

 Bavaria (Stainton). Netherlands : Eotterdam, South Holland, Leeu- 

 warden, Friesland, not common (Snellen). Switzerland : near Zurich 

 (Frey). 



NEPTICULA PYRI, Glitz. 



SYNONYMY. Species : Pyri, Glitz, " Jahresbericht der naturhistorichen Gesell. 

 zu Hannover,, xiv., p. 42 (1865) ; Frey, " Schweiz. Ent. Gesell.," 1870, p. 289 : 

 ~eit.,"18^ 



Stett. Ent. Zeit.," 1871, p. 123 ; Staud. and Wocke, " Cat.," p. 336 (1871) ; Sand, 

 " Cat. Lep. Auvergne," p. 200 (1879) ; Sorhagen, "Die Kleinschmett. Brandbg.," 

 p. 303 (1886) ; Wood, " Ent. Mo. Mag.," xxvi., p. 88 (1890) and vol. xxx., pp. 46 and 

 94 (1894) ; Hering, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," Hi., p. 219 (1891) ; " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," liv., 

 p. 116 (1893) ; Meyr., " Handbook," etc., p. 716 (1895). 



