272 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



FOOD-PLANTS. Birch (Betula alba) and probably B. nana. This 

 species much prefers little seedling plants, and is often very scarce on 

 the taller trees, whilst abundant at the ground level (Wood). Heine- 

 111 aim has counted as many as twenty-five larvae in a single leaf of B. alba. 

 Threlfall notes that this species affects " low birches on mosses." 



TIME OF APPEARANCE. The species is double-brooded, appearing in 

 May and August, from larvae that have fed up the previous September- 

 October and July respectively. Mines were found commonly on 

 Oct. llth, 1892, at Darenth, and Oct. 13th, 1893, at Chislehurst 

 (Bower). Larvae were found at Witherslack on August 5th, 1877, 

 and produced imagines in May, 1878 ; other larvae from Oct. 1st- 

 20th, 1878, at Grange, and again on July 6th, 1879, at Witherslack, the 

 latter produced imagines August 15tji (Threlfall). We have imagines 

 bred by Threlfall, from larvae obtained'at the same place Sept. 2nd, 1886. 

 Mines were obtained by Sang on Oct. 7th, 1857, at Barnard Castle ; 

 Oct. 8th, 1874, Aug. 17th, 1877, Oct. 29th, 1879, at High Force ; 

 July 13th, 1878, Aug. 22nd, 1880, at Witherslack ; Oct. 14th, 1878, 

 at Wolsingham (teste Gardner). Frey writes : " Die Spuren der 

 Sommerbrut fand ich im letzten Sommer am 18th August bei Brem- 

 garten in den verlassenen Miuen. Die zweite Generation findet sich 

 hier bei Zurich zu Ende September und in der ersten Oktoberhiilfte, 

 weniger an kleinen Biischen als jiingeren Baumen. Im Herbste 

 1855 war die Mine selten, im folgenden Jahre ziemlich haufig und an 

 unseren benachbarten Bergen bis etwa 1000 Fuss iiber die Thal- 

 sohle zu verfolgen." Stainton bred imagines from May lst-17tb, 1870, 

 from Perth larvse. 



LOCALITIES. CHESHIRE : Bowdon (Edleston). DORSET : Purbeck and Blox- 

 worth (Bankes). DURHAM: Barnard Castle, High Force, Wolsingham (Sang). 

 HEREFORD: Tarrington (Wood). KENT: West Wickham (Stainton), Darenth 

 and Chislehurst (Bower). LANCASHIRE : Manchester (Stainton), Grange and Preston 

 (Threlfall). LEICESTER : Market Harborough (Matthews), Whitwick (Sang). 

 NORFOLK: King's Lynn (Atmore). PERTHSHIRE: Moncrieffe Hill (Moncrieffe). 

 Kannoch [I refer a Nep. locally abundant on Betula nana to this species (Fletcher) ]. 

 Ben Chearan and Strathglass on 7?. nana (White teste Stainton). SURREY : 

 Headley Lane (Douglas), Mickleham (Stainton). SUSSEX: Abbott's Wood and 

 Tilgate Forest (Fletcher). WESTMORLAND: Witherslack (Sang). YORKS: Richmond 

 (Sang), Sheffield (Doncaster). 



DISTRIBUTION. Denmark : North-east Zealand (Bang-Haas). 

 France : Sommerere, Sologne-du-Cher (Sand). Germany : generally 

 distributed in N. Germany (Heinemann and Wocke), Alt Damm, 

 Friedland (Hering), Brunswick and Hanover (Heinemann), Jungfern- 

 heide, Hamburg (Sorhagen), Saverne (Peyerimhoff). Netherlands : 

 various localities in Gelderland and N.Brabant (Snellen). Russia: 

 Pichtendahl, Tursa Moor (Nolcken), Aland (Reuter). Scandinavia : 

 Scania (Wallengren). Switzerland : Bremgarten, nr. Zurich (Frey). 



NEPT1CULA PLAGICOLELLA, 

 SYNONYMY. Species : Plaglcolella, Sta., "Ins. Brit.." pp. 303-304 (1854); 

 "Nat. Hist. Tin.," L, p. ICO, pi. iv., fig. 1 (1855); "Man.," ii., p. 437 (1859); 

 H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," v., p. 350 (1855) ; Frey, " Die Tineen," etc., p. 387 (1856) ; 

 "Linn. Ent.." xi.. p. 426 (1857); Staud. and Wocke, "Cat.," p. 337 (1871); 

 Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl., p. 775 (1871); Hein. and Wocke, " Schmett. Deutsch.," 

 p 750(1877); Sand, "Cat. Lep. Auvergne," p. 201 (1879); Erschoil. "Trudy 

 Kuss. Ent. Soc.," xii., p. 221 (1881) ; Wallgrn., "Ent. Tids.," ii., p. 127 (1881) ; 

 Peyer., " Cat. Lep. Alsace," 2nd Ed., ii., p. 104 (1882) ; Snellen, " De Vlinders," 

 p. 990(1882); Sorhagen, " Die Kleinschmett. Brandbg.," p. 306 (1886); Hering, 

 " Stett. Ent, Zeit.," lii., p. 220 (1891) ; Meyrick, " Handbook," etc., p. 720 (1895). 



