NEPTICULA ABGENTIPEDELLA. 291 



COCOON. Stainton says that the cocoon is dark green in colour, 

 and spun on the surface of the ground. Heyden says : " The larva 

 quits its mine when full-fed, and spins its cocoon in some convenient 

 spot ; sometimes many cocoons may be found close together. The 

 cocoon is oval, slightly arched, scalloped, and pale brown in colour." 



FOOD-PLANT. Betula alba. 



TIME OF APPEABANCE. The species seems to be single-brooded, 

 appearing in May and June, from larvae feeding the previous 

 September-November. Mann's record of finding larvas in May, 1853, 

 on sloe bushes, at the Pulverthurm, can be entirely disregarded. 

 Nolcken found imagines in abundance on warm, calm days, at 

 Pichtendahl, from May 19th-June 24th, and remarks that the larvae 

 prefer the leaves of the highest branches. Evans reports the imagines 

 as abundant on June 10th, 1895, at Boghall, and June 20th, 1895, 

 near Kirknewton, flying among grass. Stainton bred the perfect 

 insect on May 28th, 1856, June 9th, 1857, and Atmore says that 

 it usually occurs at King's Lynn, late in May. Bower obtained 

 lamp on September 25th, 1891, in Teesdale, October llth, 1891, at 

 Chislehurst, October llth, 1892, at Darenth, October 25th, 1892, at 

 Eltham, and October 5th, 1893, at Bexley. Stainton captured 

 imagines on May 25th, 1856, and June 2nd, 1857, at West Wickham, 

 May 17th, 1868, at Lewisham, and on July 15th, 1850, at Dunoon, 

 when imagines were beaten from a sandbank. Laing also took 

 imagines on June 19th, 1884, and June 17th, 1885, near Shinfall. 

 Threlfall bred imagines in May, from larvae found in September ; he 

 also captured imagines on May 14th, 1875, on the wing, at Wither- 

 slack. Atmore captured imagines on May 30th, 1898, at King's Lynn, 

 and Zeller records imagines at Glogau, May 17th-25th. 



LOCALITIES. ARGYLLSHIRE : Dunoon (Stainton). CAMBRIDGE: Chippenham 

 (Fan-en). CHESHIRE : Bowdon (Edleston). DERBY: Burton (Sang). DORSET: 

 Purbeck (Bankes), Glanvilles Wootton and Knighton Heath (Dale), Bloxworth 

 (Cambridge). DUBLIN: Howth (Birchall). DURHAM: Teesdale (Bower), Darling- 

 ton (Sang). EDINBURGH: Havelrig Bog (Logan). GLOUCESTER : Bristol (Stain- 

 ton). HEREFORD : Tarrington (Wood), Leominster (Hutchinson). KENT : Dartford 

 Heath, West Wickham (Stainton), Chislehurst, Darenth, Eltham and Bexley 

 (Bower). LANARK : Cadder Wilderness, Langside (King). LANCASHIRE: Manchester 

 (Stainton), Grange (Threlfall), Preston (Hodgkinson). LEICESTER: Whitwick 

 (Sang). MIDLOTHIAN: Boghall, Kirknewton (Evans). MORAY: Forres (Salvage 

 tciste Fletcher). NORFOLK : King's Lynn (Atmore), Myntlyn, Bawsey (Barrett). 

 STIRLING : Milngavie (King). SUFFOLK: Leiston (Walsingham). SURREY: Mickle- 

 ham (Stainton), Haslemere (Barrett). SUSSEX: Lewes (Stainton), Abbott's Wood, 

 nr. Amberley (Fletcher). ? SUTHERLAND: nr. Shinfall (Laing). WESTMORLAND: 

 Witherslack (Hodgkinson). YORKS : Scarborough (Wilkinson), York (Stainton), 

 Doncaster (Corbett;, Harrogate and llichmond (Sang), Huddersfield (Inchbald). 



DISTRIBUTION. Austria : ? Tersatto, and ? the Pulverthurm (Mann), 

 Vienna (Metzner). Denmark : North-east Zealand (Bang-Haas). 

 France : Sologne, La Brande, Nohaut, Indre (Sand). Finland : 

 Helsingfors, Borga (Tengstrom). Germany : Generally distributed 

 (Hein. and Wocke), Berlin (Bouche), Havelland, Potsdam, Hamburg, 

 Halle (Sorhageni, Glogau and Warmbrunn (Zeller), Frankfort-on-the- 

 Main, Wiesbaden, Taunus Mountains (Heyden), Batisbon (Herrich- 

 Sch after), Freiburg (Eeutti), Brunswick (Heinemann), Saverne, Alsace 

 (Peyerimhoft), Liebeseele nr. Misdroy, Dunzig-Aufschuttiing, Giiter- 

 bahnhof, Alt Damm (Hering), Frankfort (Durrani). Netherlands : 

 Gravenhage, South Holland (Snellen). Russia: S. Petersburg 

 (Erschoffj , Pichtendahl (Nolcken), Kokenhusen (Lienig). Scandinavia : 

 S. and Central Sweden (Wallengren). Switzerland : Zurich (Zeller). 



