310 BRITISH LEPIDOPTKKA. 



COCOON. Hind says that it is " nearly black." Stainton gives 

 its colour as dark green, oval in shape. The larva remains in the 

 cocoon for some time before assuming the pupal state. Frey writes : 

 " Der Cocon ist dunkel griinlich-braun, ziemlich rundlich und massig 

 flach." Sorhagen describes the cocoon as " dark green." 



FOOD-PLANTS. Rosa canina and Poterinm sanynisorba. Abundant 

 at Doncaster in E. canina, but not in 7?. arvensis (Corbett). Rosa 

 sempei-i-irens ( Walsingham) . 



TIME OF APPEARANCE. Although this species appears to be single- 

 brooded, the imagines are to be fonnd from the end of May until July. 

 These appear to come entirely from larvae that feed up the previous 

 September-November. Stainton writes : " By keeping the collected 

 larvae out of doors all the winter of J. 854 -185 5, I succeeded in rearing 

 a fine series of the perfect insects, which made their appearance from 

 July 18th-28th, 1855, a sufficient proof that the insect is only single- 

 brooded." In 1856, he had imagines emerge from July 17th-28th, 

 whilst in 1851 he found imagines on June 22nd, 1851, on palings at 

 Beckenham. Threlfall bred imagines from June 15th-30th, 1879, 

 from green larvae found at Windermere, October 17th, 1878. Peyerim- 

 hoff makes the species single-brooded at Alsace, the imagines appear- 

 ing in June, from October larvae. Sang found mines at Darlington 

 on October 6th, 1878. Walsingham, however, found larvae at Cannes 

 and Valescure from February 27th to March 7th, 1890, and bred 

 the imagines from these on June 13th of the same year. Perhaps, so 

 far south, a second brood occurs. Jordan records that in October, 1865, 

 there were no Nepticulid larvae in the rose-bushes in a garden at 

 Teignmouth. On November 10th he returned for one day only, and the 

 same rose-bushes were now literally swarming with the larvae of N. 

 anfjulifasciella. Some of the mines were already empty, and in 

 others there were full-fed larvae, often several in one leaf. 



LOCALITIES. CAMBRIDGE : Cambridge (Farren). CHESHIRE : Bowdon (Edles- 

 ton). DERBY: Burton-on-Trent (Sang). DEVON : Teignmouth (Jordan). DORSET: 

 Portland, Weymouth (Richardson), Glanvilles Wootton (Dale). DURHAM : 

 Darlington (Sang). GLOUCESTER: Bristol (Stainton). HEREFORD: Tarrington 

 (Wood). KENT : Lewisham and Beckenham (Stainton). LANCASHIRE : nr. Man- 

 chester (Stainton), Preston and Grange (Threlfall). NORFOLK : Myntlyn, Bawsey 

 (Barrett), King's Lynn (Atmore). RENFREW: Bishopton, nr. Paisley (King). 

 SUFFOLK: Hacheston (Harker). SUSSEX: Worthing, Arundel, Horsham, Sompting, 

 abundant in Rosa canina (Fletcher), Guestling (Bloomh'eld). WESTMORLAND : 

 Windermere (Threlfall), Witherslack (Hodgkinson). YORKSHIRE : Scarborough 

 (Wilkinson), Doncaster (Corbett), Richmond (Sang), York (Hind). 



DISTRIBUTION. Belgium : nr. Brussels (Fologne). Denmark : 

 generally distributed in north-east Zealand (Bang-Haas). France : 

 Nohaut, Indre (Sand), Cannes, Valescure (Walsingham). Germany: 

 widely distributed, Brunswick, etc. (Heinemann), Berlin (Bouche), 

 Hamburg (Sorhagen), Frankfort-on-the-Main (Heyden), Alsace 

 (Peyerimhoft). Breslau (Zeller), Alt Damm, Friedland (Hering). 

 Switzerland : Bremi, nr. Ziirich (Frey) . 



NEPTICULA RUBIVORA, 



SYNONYMY. Species: Rubivora, Wocke, " Jahres-Bericht der Schles. Gesell. 

 fur vaterl. Kultur," vol. xxxviii., p. 132 (1800) ; Hein., " Wien. Ent. Monats.," vi., p. 

 315 (1862) ; Hein. and Sta., " Zool.," xxi., p. 8381 (1863) ; Staud. and Wocke," Cat.," 

 p. 338 (1871) ; Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 783 (1871) ; Frey, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," 

 1871, p. 125 ; Hein. and Wocke, " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 759 (1877) ; Sand. " Cat. 

 Lep. Auv.," p. 202 (1879) ; Peyer., " Cat. Lep. Als.," 2nd Ed., ii., p. 165 (1882) ; 



