336 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



X. ptilrcroaella is allied to N. cryptella, but is larger, and the cilia of 

 the anterior wings are paler (Frey). 



EGG-LAYING. The egg is laid on the underside of a leaf (Nolcken). 



MINE. The mine is formed on the upperside of a leaf. It begins 

 as a fine gallery, which is filled with frass, and in its earliest part is 

 very irregular, except when it follows the margin of a leaf. The 

 second part forms an oval blotch, the middle of which is filled with 

 frass, the latter being attached to the upper surface of the leaf ; the frass 

 forms a large irregular spot, the particles of frass not being so thick at 

 the sides as in the centre. The first part of the mine is often absorbed 

 in the blotch, and the latter forms a large rust-red spot, the central 

 area being rusty-brown, the edges more washed-out and yellowish- 

 brown in tint. The exit is made from the lower side in the examples 

 before me (Nolcken). The larva makes large blotch-mines in apple- 

 leaves (Stainton). 



LARVA. The larva is wax-yellow in colour, more intensely tinted 

 towards the anus. The head is brown, with dark mouth-parts and 

 sutures. The intestinal canal, which can be seen on the venter, as a 

 somewhat broad, brownish, pale-edged longitudinal stripe, is on the 

 upper side pale and indistinctly visible. 



COCOON. The cocoons form a long oval in outline with a narrow 

 flat rim, and are red rust-brown in colour. 



FOOD-PLANT. Pynts malm, preferring wild bushes. 



TIME OF APPEARANCE. The species is single-brooded, the imagines 

 appearing in May- June, fromlarvyp that feed up the previous July. Bower 

 captured imagines May 14th, 1897, by beating apple at Eltham. 

 Stainton collected mines between June 20th-30th, 1851, the imagines 

 from which commenced to appear May 15th, 1852. He also bred many 

 others between April 4th-12th, 1852, from larvre found at Lewisham, 

 on wild apple. Nolcken found mines on July 16th, 1892, at Rotsikiill, 

 that produced imagines the middle of May of the following year. Sang 

 found mines at Darlington, on July 18th, 1874, July 14th, 1877. 

 Frey bred (probably in the house) imagines in March, 1858, at 

 Zurich, from larvae received from Stainton the previous July. Bankes 

 bred imagines from March 14th-23rd, 1893, from larvae received from 

 Epping Forest in July, 1892, the cocoons having been kept in a warm 

 room with a fire. The moths emerge from about 8.30-10.30 a.m. 



LOCALITIES. DORSET : Purbeck (Bankes). DURHAM : Darlington (Sang). 

 ESSEX: Epping Forest (Bankes). GLOUCESTER: Bristol (Stainton). KENT: Lewis- 

 ham (Stainton), Elthum (Bower). LANCASHIRE : Dutton (Hodgkinson), Grange 

 (Threlfall). SURREY : Haslemere (Barrett). SUSSEX : generally distributed 

 (Fletcher). YORKSHIRE : Scarborough, common (Wilkinson). 



DISTRIBUTION. Germany (Heinemann and Wocke). Russia : 

 Rotsikiill (Nolcken). Switzerland : nr. Zurich (Frey). 



GROUP VII. Cilia of the anterior wings with a distinct or 

 indicated divisional line, beyond which they are abruptly paler. 

 Anterior wings coarsely scaled, with only a whitish dorsal spot. 



NEPTICULA SEPTEMBRELLA, Stainton. 



SYNONOMY. Species: Septembrella,Sif>,., "Cat.," p. 29 (1849); "Ins. Brit.," 

 p. 299(1854); "Nat. Hist. Tin.," i., p. 1G8, pi. iv.. fig. 2 (1855); "Man.," ii., 

 p. 432 (1859) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," v., p. 350 (1855) ; Frey, " Die Tineen," 

 etc., p. 377 (1856) ; " Linn. Ent.," xi., p. 391 (1857) ; Const.,. " Cat. Lep. Saone-et- 



