BRITISH LEPIDOPTEKA. 



spines are present in this and the three succeeding ones. This family 

 certainly includes both the European species and, according to Dyar, 

 certain American genera (Packardia, Tortncidia). It is totally im- 

 possible to give here a summary of the species under their proper sub- 

 family groupings, as the life-histories of comparatively few have been 

 worked out. The two genera that have representatives in Britain have, 

 if Kirby's references of the species to this genus be correct, a remark - 



ible distribution. 

 Apoda, Haw. 

 avellana, Linn. 



christophi, Graes. 

 dentatus, Oberth. 

 codeti, Oberth. 

 retractata, Walk, 

 apicalis, Walk, 

 trigona, H.-Edw. 

 tetraspilaris, Walk. N. America 

 biguttata, Pack. United States 

 y-inversa, Pack. Pennsylvania 

 parallela, H.-Edw. Florida 

 avenacca, Linn. Cape Colony 

 albiguttatus, Snell. Celebes 



According to this author we have the following : 

 catenatus, Snell. Celebes 

 nubeculosa, Snell. Sumatra 

 dimidiatus, H.-Schiiff. Brazil 

 concolor, Walk. Amazons 

 grisea, Hamps. Nilgiris 

 inferna, Swinh. llangoon, 



Bhamo 



? convergens, Walk. Silhet 

 Heterogenea, Knoch 



cruciata, Knoch Europe 

 uncula, Staud. Vladivostok 



nobilis, Staud. Vladivostok 



fulgens, Leech Gensan, Ningpo 



obliqua, Leech Chang Yang 



shurtleili, Pack. Brooklyn 



Europe, Asia 



Minor 



Vladivostok 

 Askold 

 Algeria 

 Darjiling 

 Silhet 

 Arizona 



Subfam. : COCHLIDIN^E. 



Tribe : COCHLIDIDI. 

 Genus : COCHLIDION, Hiibner. 



SYNONYMY. Genus : Cochlidion, Hb., " Tentnmen " (1800). Tor<?ir, Linn., 

 "Sys. Nat.," x., p. 531 (1758); Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," vii., figs. 104-5 (? 1803) ; 

 Bombijx, Hufn., " Bcrl. Mag.," Hi., p. 402 (1707) ; Fab., " Gen. Ins.," p. 279 (1777) ; 

 "Mant. Ins., "p. 121 (1787); Esp., "Die Schmett.," iii., p. 140 (1784); Bork., 

 " Sys. Besch.," iii., p. 447 (1790) ; Godart, " Lep. France," iv., p. 279 (1822). Apoda, 

 Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 137 (1809) ; Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Het .," i., p. 552 (1892) ; 

 " Handbook," etc., iii., p. 224 (1897); Meyr., "Handbook," etc., p. 451 (1895); 

 Grote, " Sys. Lep. Hildesite," p. 3 (1895). Chelonias, Hb., " Verz.," pp. 397-8, in 

 part (? 1822). Limacode, Latr., "Fam. Nat.," p. 474 (1825). Limacudes, Bdv., 

 "Ind. Meth.," p. 57 (1829); Stephs., "111. Brit. Ent.," ii., p. 85 (1829); Bdv., 

 "Hist. Nat. Lep.," i., p. 119(1830); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 28 (1839); Dup., 

 " Cat. Meth.," p. 84 (1844) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," p. 15 (1845) ; Sta., " Man.," 

 i., p. 109 (1857); Snell., " De Vlinders," etc., i., p. 120 (1807); Nolck., " Lep. 

 Fauna Estl.," i., p. 118 (1808) ; Newm., " Brit. Moths," p. 21 (? 1809) ; Kirby, " Eur. 

 Butts.," etc., p. 114 (1879) ; Frey, " Lep. der Schweiz," p. 89 (1880) ; Buckler, 

 " Larvae," etc., iii., pi. 53, fig. 8 (1889) ; Chapmn., " Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.." 1894, 

 p. 345 ; Barr., " Lep. Brit.," ii., p. 100 (1894). Heterogenea, Tr., " Die Schmett. 

 Eur.." viii., p. 13 (1830) ; Speyer, " Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 304 (1858) ; Stand., 

 "Cat.," p. 02 (1871); Peyer., "Cat. Lep. Als.," p. 57(1880); Auriv., " Nord. 

 Fjarilar," p. 58 (1888); Tutt, "British Moths," p. 349 (1890). Cochlu.jtotla, 

 Led., "Verh. des zool.-bot. Ver. Wien., ii., p. 114 (1852); Hering, " Stett. Ent. 

 Zeit.," xlii., p. 153 (1881). 



Hiibner's Tentamen does not give a diagnosis of the generic title 

 that we are informed should be adopted. The author simply notes : 

 " Cochlidia. (Jochlidion testudo." The earliest characterised genus 

 appears to be Haworth's Apoda. 



The main characters of the genus are as follows : 



OVUM. Oval in outline^ flattened at base, slightly domed above, surface of 

 shell reticulated. 



LARVA. Limaciform ; head retractile ; true le<*s ill-developed ; prolegs replaced 

 by retractile suckers ; spined in early stages, smooth in last skin. 



PUPA. Incomplete ; appendages free ; abdominal segments free ; maxillary 

 palpus well-developed ; strongly developed eye-flange ; beak between the eyes for 

 rupturing cocoon. 



