COCHLIDION. 869 



IMAGO. Head rough; ocelli present; tongue rudimentary ; antennas simple 

 in <? and ? , scaled all round shaft ; labial palpi porrected, short and pointed, 

 roughly scaled beneath terminal joint ; thorax, abdomen and femora hairy ; 

 posterior tibia; fully spurred ; fore-wings rather oblong. Neuration generalised. 



COCHLIDION AVELLANA, Linne. 



SYNONYMY. Species: Avellana, Linne, " Sys. Nat.," 10th ed., i., p. 531 

 (1758); "Fauna Suecica," p. 344 (1761); Werneburg, "Beitrage zur Schmett.," 

 i., pp. 228-9 (1864) ; Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Heterocera," i., p. 552 (1892) ; " Handbook," 

 etc., iii., p. 224 (1897). Limacodes, Hufn., " Berl. Mag.," iii., p. 402 (1767) ; Kott., 

 " Naturf.," ix.. p. 134 (1776) ; Esper, " Die Schmett.," iii., p. 140, pi. 26, figs. 3-9 

 (1784) ; De Vill., " Linn. Ent.," ii. ( p. 138 (1789) ; Staud., " Cat.," p. 62 (1871) ; 

 Peyer., "Cat. Lep. Als.," p. 57 (1880); Auriv., " Nord. Fjiirilar," p. 58 (1888); 

 Meyrick, " Handbook," etc., p. 451 (1895) ; Tutt, " Brit. Moths," p. 349 (1896). 

 Siilphurea, Fab., " Gen. Ins.," p. 279 (1777). Bufo, Fab., " Mant. Ins.," ii., 

 p. 121 (1787). Limax, Bork.. "Sys. Besch.," iii., p. 449 (1790). Testudo, Fab., 

 " Mant.," ii., p. 121 (1787) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," etc., p. 447 (1790) ; Godt. et Dup., 

 "Lep. France," iv.. p. 279, pi. 28, figs. 1-2 (1822) ; Stephs., " Illus.," ii., p. 86 

 (1829) ; Bdv.. "Ind. Meth.," p. 57 (1829) ; "Hist. Nat. Lep.." i., p. 119 (1836) ; 

 Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 28 (1839) ; Dup.. " Cat. Meth.," p. 85 (1844) ; H.-Sch., 

 " Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 16 (1845) ; Sta., " Man.," i., p. 169 (1857) ; Speyer, " Geog. 

 Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 304 (1858) ; Snell., " De Vlinders," etc., p. 120 (1867) ; Nolck., 

 "Lep. Fn. EstL," i., p. 118 (1868) ; Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 21 (? 1869); Frey, 

 "Lep. der Schweiz," p. 89 (1880); Hering, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xlii.. p. 153 

 (1881) ; Buckl., "Larvaa Brit. Lep.," iii., pi. 53, fig. 8 (1889); Chapman, "Trans. 

 Ent. Soc. Lond.," 1894, p. 345. Funalis, Donov., " Brit. Ins.," iii., pi. 76 (1794). 

 Asella, Esp., " Die Schmett.," iii., pi. 85, fig. 4, supp. p. 36 (1784). Testudinana, 

 Hiibn., "Eur. Schmett.," vii., figs. 164-165 (? 1803) ; " Verz.," p. 398 (? 1822) ; 

 Ochs. et Treits., " Schmett. Eur.," viii., p. 14 (1830). 



OKIGINAL DESCRIPTION. Phalaena Tortrix avellana, alis superiori- 

 bus testaceis ; fasciis ferrugineis sesquitertiis (Linn6, Sys. Nat., 10th 

 Ed., p. 531). Linne also refers to a previous description which reads as 

 follows : " Phalaena seticornis spirilinguis ; alis incumbentibus flavis ; 

 fasciis duabus griseis obliquis ; postica interrupta. Magnitudine muscae 

 carnivorae ; alae deflexo-incumbentes, breves, latse ; superiores pallide 

 flavescentes, fasciis duabus retrorsum spectantibus, fusco-griseis, 

 quarum postica in medio interrupta. Pedes spinosi " [Linne, Faun. 

 Suec., 1st Ed., pp. 272-273 (1746)1. This description is not accom- 

 panied by a specific name, it may belong to this species ; Kirby has 

 adopted it, following Werneburg. 



IMAGO. Male dark brown, female yellow-ochreous. Anterior wings 

 with an oblique dark transverse line in the centre, and a second 

 outside this, extending directly from the costa to the anal angle. 

 Posterior wings brown, without markings, ochreous along the inner 

 margin. 



VARIATION. The sexual dimorphism of this species is very marked. 

 The males, as a rule, are smaller than the females, and of a deep 

 red- or orange-brown colour. The females are of a yellow-ochreous 

 tint. The individual specimens, however, exhibit considerable minor 

 variation. The males are sometimes much suffused with black, the 

 brown ground-colour showing only as scattered patches ; others have 

 a distinct blackish band stretching from the costa to the inner 

 margin ; the majority, however, have only the two normal oblique 

 transverse lines, and a third curved line cutting off the anal angle ; 

 occasionally a male is found which possesses the ochreous colour 

 usually indicative of the female. The brighter females are yellow- 

 ochreous, approaching orange, and the hind-wings almost of the 

 same colour as the fore- wings ; others have the fore -wings somewhat 



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