446 BRITISH LEPIDOPTEBA. 



area of the fore- wings completely occupied with three large wedge-shaped 

 spots, as is usual in extreme lormaotA.purpwalit (minos). Specimens 

 obtained by Dr. Chapman at Bossekop give a small percentage of 

 examples in which spot 5 is somewhat extended outwardly. The hind- 

 wings are sometimes strongly suffused, in none perhaps so strongly as 

 in the most extreme Scotch specimens in this direction, Tugwell 

 noting (Youny Nat., xi., p. 206) that, in these, the margin of the hind- 

 wings is often a mere line, -at other times it occupies a third of the 

 wing. The principal forms are as follows : 



a. var. (et ab.) clara, Tutt, "Ent. Eec.," v., p. 266. Well scaled, bright green 

 ground-colour, with short, broad wings, somewhat clearly defined dark margin to 

 hind- wings. Females almost as bright and well-scaled as the males, with pale 

 collar, but with no (or ill-defined) whitish markings on thorax, nor whitish 

 nervures. Swiss Alps, Tyrol (Falzarego Pass), Le Lautaret (rare). 



ft. var. (et ab.) vanadis, Dalm., "Kongl. Vet. Acad. Hand.," 1816, p. 222 ( ? 

 form); Staud. and Wocke, "Cat.," p. 46(1871); Tutt., "Ent. Record," v., p. 

 266 (1894). Alis anticis fusco-virescentibus subdiaphanis, maculis quinque rubris, 

 basali exteriori elongata, posticis rubris margine f usco-diaphano latiore ; corporc 

 pedibusque nigris pilosis ; antennis, brevibus clava crassa. Habitat in Lapponia. 

 Species ut mihi videtur distincta, apud auctores vix invenienda, magnitudine et 

 statura, Z. exulantis, sed collare pedibusque nigris, nee venas alarum unquam albido- 

 squamatas in hac specie inveni, nee macularum forma omnino eadem. The 

 corresponding female is described as : Z. exulans. Alis anticis, fusco-virescentibus, 

 subdiaphanis, subtus concoloribus, maculis quinque rubris insequalibus (venis 

 albidis) ; posticis rubris margine fusco-virescenti ; antennis vix clavatis ; pedibus 

 luteis. 



Staudinger appears only to describe (Cat., p. 46) the male form, 

 which is noted as "parcissime squamata, albo non mixta," although 

 perhaps he means this to include both sexes, for he notes (Stett. Ent. 

 Zeit., xxii., p. 359) the Scandinavian examples as "having the 

 fore-wings more transparent, of a dull blue-grey tint, rarely with a 

 greenish tinge, whilst the whitish or yellowish atoms, with which the 

 females especially are normally marked, are in these almost lacking, 

 so that the prothorax remains always dark ; yet it cannot be called a 

 striking local form." From this it might be assumed that the females 

 were entirely without the paler markings, which is hardly the fact, 

 although, in the specimens from Bossekop, the pale markings are 

 certainly reduced to a minimum. Our own note on this form reads 

 (Ent. Kec., v., p. 266) : More sparsely scaled. Dark green ground colour 

 (less brightly tinted than ab. clara), males usually without pale collar, 

 mottling on thorax, and pale nervures, and with black or blackish legs ; 

 females with sometimes a pale collar, and a little pale mottling on 

 thorax, nervures of fore-wings slightly sprinkled with pale scales, legs 

 pale ; the dark margin to hind-wings variable, but rather broad, and 

 sometimes merging indistinctly into the red, females more thinly scaled 

 than males. Inhabits Lapland and Finland, from the Atlantic to the 

 Urals (Reuter and Erschoff), mountains of Italy (Curo), nr. the Bernina 

 glacier, and the Heuthal (Mengelbir). Appears as an aberration with 

 the type and other forms, in Scotland, Cogne Valley, Grauson Valley, 

 Le Lautaret, Andermatt, Little St. Bernard Pass (mts. around the 

 Hospice). 



7. var. (et ab.) subochracea, White, " Scot. Nat.," i., p. 174 ; " Ent. Mo. Mag.," 

 viii., p. 68. Wings subdiaphanous : front ones dull green with five carmine spots 

 of the same form and arrangement as in the type. Hind-wings dull carmine with 

 all the margins pale dull green. Male tips of the fringes in all the wings greyish- 

 ochreous. Female the collar (except in the centre), the legs, and the margins of 

 the red spots more or less ochreous ; fringes as in the male, but more ochreous, 



