ANTHROCERA LONICER^E. 467 



Amstein, " Fuess. Mag. Ent.," i., p. 114 (1778) ; Fuessly, Ibid., p. 139, pi. i., fig. I 

 (1778) ; Schrank, "Fuessly's Neues Mag.," ii., p. 207 (1785) ; Fab.. " Mant.," ii., 

 p. 101(1787); View., "Tab. Verz.." p. 24 (1789). Graminis, De Vill., "Ent. 

 Linn.," ii., p. 115 (1789). Loti, Fab., " Ent. Sys.," iii., p. 387, tests Ochs. (1793) ; 

 Schrank, "Faun. Boica," ii., p. 240 (1801); Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 74 (1803); 

 Stephs., " Illus.," i.. p. 109 (1828). 



NOTES ON ORIGINAL FIGURE. Schaffer (Icones, pi. xvi., figs. 6-7) 

 figures without a name an Anthrocera, which might represent almost any 

 five-spotted species of the genus. Scheven refers to these figures, and 

 names them lonicerae ; this makes them, Kirby says, the typical figures. 

 Werneburg holds these to represent A. lonicerae, and Kirby adds that 

 " the border of the hind- wings is very narrow." All Von Scheven says of 

 A. lonicerae is that it differs only from A. filipendulae in having five red 

 spots, and that he would have considered it to be its 5 , but that he 

 had often found both species in cop. and that they always paired true. 

 Fuessly figures (May. Ent., pi. i., fig. I) under the name of fulvia, a 

 large form of A. lonicerae, whilst Esper figures (pi. xxiv., figs, la and 

 Ib), under the name of lonicerae, the two sexes of the species we know 

 by this name (the underside of the male with a long costal streak, 

 uniting the upper basal and central spots, and with the lower spots 

 absent on the left side). 



IMAGO. Anterior wings 24-39 mm., of a deep green or blue-green 

 tint, with five bright crimson-red spots. Posterior wings red with a 

 narrow blackish-blue margin. 



SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. The female is, as a rule, much larger than 

 the male, whilst the marginal border of the hind-wings is broader in 

 the male than in the female. The ground colour of the fore- wings is 

 usually purplish-green in the male, green in the female, but this colour 

 distinction is by no means an absolutely constant sexual difference, 

 since some males are as green as the females. 



VARIATION. The tendency to maintain a fixed type and the general 

 absence of blotching (such as occurs in A. trifolii) are, in this species, 

 most marked, not only in Britain but on the Continent. The authority 

 of Herrich- Schaffer, Ochsenheimer, Boubleday, Oberthiir and others, all 

 point to this fact. We have, ourselves, examined hundreds of examples 

 from Kent, Aix-les-Bains, Cortina, and the Mendel Pass, without meeting 

 with an aberration worthy of notice. There is, however, some variation 

 in size, the males, in Kent, measuring from 22 mm. to 37 mm., the 

 females from 29 mm. to 39 mm. A large race is permanent in many 

 localities, and has been named var. major by Frey. On the other hand, 

 small individuals are constantly met with, some measuring not more 

 than 22-25 mm. = ab. minor, n. ab. There is very little doubt that 

 the ab. eboracae, Prest, is a pathological result. In some examples 

 the red tends to be orange = ab. lutescens, Hewett, in others pink = 

 ab. miniata, n. ab., or yellow = ab. citrina, Speyer. Porritt notes a 

 specimen with the dark portion of the fore-wings of a rich blue, shot 

 with purple, Mason one, wholly bronze without a trace of blue, the 

 blue margin to the hind-wings being similarly modified, whilst we 

 have examples in which odd wings are pallid and practically without 

 pigment. Auld has recorded an example with subdiaphanous wings, 

 and Bromilow captured, in June, 1892 (? Alpes-Maritimes), a specimen 

 of this species in which the left wings are normal, both in size and 

 markings, but the right wings dwarfed and very misshapen, and with 

 an extra elongated spot on the inner margin near the base. The 



