AHTHROCERA PILIPENDULJE. 523 



of the base of the true legs and the upper joint is edged with deep black. 

 The 1st and 2nd abdominal segments with very conspicuous, round, 

 cushion-like warts, bearing many tubercular points, each with a fine 

 hair. The prolegs are also of the same pale ground colour, the inner 

 edge of the terminal joint spread out fan-like, and covered with short 

 black hooks on the edge of the rim ; a remarkable series of large 

 warts, of the same nature as the lateral warts, is placed upon the upper 

 joint of the prolegs externally, and appears to be a real lateral wart 

 (the marginal) ; the inner surface of the prolegs is covered with raised 

 golden points ; a dusky, broken, medioventral line is more distinct on 

 abdominal segments 1-4. Briggs describes the full-grown larva as 

 having the head and true legs black, the head, with the transverse 

 upper lip and the membrane at the base of the antennae white ; the 

 ground colour greenish-yellow, arranged in a dorsal line, and two lines 

 on each side ; the dorsal line with a brighter yellow spot in the fold, 

 formed by the hind-margin of each segment, the dorsal line much 

 narrower on the thoracic segments. On each side of the dorsal line is 

 a row of largo black spots, two on each segment, of which the anterior 

 is the larger, with the inner posterior angle emarginate, and rounded 

 on the side nearest the head ; the posterior spot is narrow and curved 

 on the inner margin. The pro- and mesothoracic segments often have 

 the anterior margin narrowly blackish, or partially margined with 

 black, with the dorsal spots confluent, and the anterior greatly reduced 

 in size. Below the dorsal longitudinal line of black spots is another 

 longitudinal row of black spots, two on each segment, of which the 

 posterior is nearly spherical, and the anterior larger and curved back- 

 wards, so as to terminate below the spherical spot, but sometimes 

 uniting with it on the posterior segments. The lower portion of 

 this curved spot, in which the spiracles are placed, is often separated 

 from the rest, as in the larva of A.palustris (trifolii-major). A minute 

 spot is often placed below the posterior of these two spots, but is as 

 often obsolete. A longitudinal pale subspiracular line follows this row 

 of spots, and between this line and the prolegs is a curved blackish 

 line on each segment, bearing a pale transverse lunule in its lower 

 portion. A slight dusky line is at the base of the prolegs. The 

 prolegs and ventral area are pale, with an interrupted (often almost 

 obsolete), medioventral, dusky line. Hellins describes the full-grown 

 larva as being about 19 mm. long when at rest (but with considerable 

 individual variation in size), and 7mm. wide at the 5th abdominal 

 segment. The latter is the largest segment of the body, which narrows 

 gradually to the anal segment, and rather less so towards the head. 

 The head is retractile within the prothorax, the segmental divisions 

 well-marked ; on each segment is a transverse row of eight raised 

 warts, the two trapezoidal tubercles on each side of the back being 

 united into an elongated wart, something like a dumb-bell in shape. 

 All the warts are set with short hairs, the skin outside is full 

 of little points. The general colour is dull greenish ; all the warts are 

 so coloured, and, by their interference, cut up the black markings ; the 

 dorsal line is yellowish-green, but bears a yellow spot at the hinder 

 end of each segment. On either side of this comes what would be a 

 black velvety stripe, except that it is cut up by the transverse warts 

 into a row of black spots, so that on each segment there is a bigger 

 blotch in front and a smaller one behind the wart. When the folds 



