636 BKITISk LEPlDOPTEfeA* 



and delicate, ciz., the ventral aspects of 1, 2, 3. Where the maxillas and 

 3rd legs extend for fully two segments width beyond the wings, the 

 venters of 4 and 5 are also delicate, and are hollowed to receive them, 

 as are also 6 and 7, to which the appendages may reach in pupal 

 movements. The maxillae seem to be united, but the legs are free 

 from these and from each other. The anterior dorsal margin of meta- 

 thorax is deeply hollowed by the backward projection of the mesothorax. 

 The 1st and 2nd abdominal segments, except some indefinite depres- 

 sions, are simple and without sculpturing, and are, with the metathorax, 

 somewhat depressed, forming a waist. The incisions are free to 7-8 (a 

 $ pupa). Dorsally, the structures of 3-7 abdominal are almost iden- 

 tical, viz., a narrow black line or mere thread, immediately behind the 

 incision, then a delicate colourless zone, easily confounded with the 

 intersegmental membrane proper ; then the transverse line of hooks, 

 looking, at a rough glance, like the anterior margin of the segment. 

 The actual hook projects, and has its concavity backwards ; it is very 

 short and thick, and stands on a black chitinous base of the width of 

 the hook, projecting forwards and overhanging sharply the colourless 

 zone noted above, and passing backwards and spreading out and losing 

 itself on the general surface. The thin chitin of the pale zone passes 

 unchanged just between the heads of these black bases, and thickens 

 rapidly backwards as it joins them on the general surface. Looking 

 dorsally at the pupa, the hooks proper are not seen, but these parallel 

 longitudinal strias are very marked, especially their square black anterior 

 ends over the pale membrane, which suggest a line of hooks directed 

 forwards. Their total length is ^ to the breadth of the segment. 

 The tissue at the posterior margin of the segment has a narrow, 

 thinner zone, which passes into the next intersegmental membrane. 

 The hooks with the pale zone in front occupy the dorsal half of ab- 

 dominal segment 4, about a fourth of 3 and 7. The central ones, 

 40 to 50 in number, are most marked, but there are nearly as many 

 more fading dut laterally, fewer on the posterior segments. On 

 8 they are not so distinctly formed, but they are practically the same 

 as on 7. On 9 they form a transverse row of spines about the middle of 

 the segment, round the dorsal half of its circumference, small, standing 

 up boldly without the linear base or pale preceding area. The posterior 

 edge of 9 has a few half obsolete spines or hooks, and 10 has an area 

 of spines in two or three rows that, viewed dorsally, range with the 

 series of hooks on the preceding segments ; viewed laterally, they do so 

 equally, the end of the segment dropping below them, and passing 

 without a distinct ventral area to the 9th segment. The end of this 

 pupa is occupied by the anal depression, the surrounding chitin, as well 

 as that of the venter of the 9th segment where there is a linear 

 depression, is very black and polished. The rest of the segmental 

 surfaces are dull, with fine wrinkles. The appendages are more shiny 

 and polished, but not so bright as the 9th and 10th abdominal seg- 

 ments. The fore-wings exhibit the neuration in raised ribs. The 

 hind-wing is broadly exposed to the posterior margin of 2nd abdominal 

 segment. Abdominal spiracles 1 and 2 are covered by margin of 

 wings, the others are by no means conspicuous, being marked by a 

 few wrinkles around them. Above and behind them is a marked pit 

 on 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and below them several longitudinal wrinkles, 

 together marking out the "lateral flange," not otherwise developed, 



