xii CONTENTS 



III. ORIGINAL BIOTA OP THE AMERICAS NORTH OF THE AMAZON ............... 55 



A. Introduction. V. E. SHELFORD, University of Illinois ............... 57 



B. Descriptive List of North American Biota. V. E. SHELFORD, Uni- 



versity of Illinois, L. JONES, Oberlin College, and L. R. DICE, Uni- 

 versity of Michigan ............................................... 60 



C. Life Zones. V. E. SHELFORD, University of Illinois, and G. T. JONES, 



Oberlin College ................................................... 76 



D. Descriptive list of Middle American Biota. FORREST SHREVE, Desert 



Laboratory, and V. E. SHELFORD, University of Illinois ............ 77 



, E. Provisional Table of Landscape Aspect and Life Zone Equivalents. 



E. A. GOLDMAN, United States Biological Survey .................. 80 



F. Bibliography. V. E. SHELFORD, University of Illinois .............. 81 



IV. NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS ........................................... 83 



A. General Plan. V. E. SHELFORD, University of Illinois .............. 85 



B. Natural Regions and Natural Areas ................................. 87 



Section 1. Northern North America: Ice Covered Areas, Tundra and 



Northern Coniferous Forest ......................................... 87 



1. Northwest Greenland. W. ELMER EKBLAW, Clark University. 87 



2. Danish Greenland. W. ELMER EKBLAW, Clark University ..... 90 



3. The American Arctic Archipelago. W. ELMER EKBLAW, Clark 



University ........................................ ' ........... 98 



4. Ungava and Labrador. W. ELMER EKBLAW, Clark University. . 102 



5. Newfoundland. W. ELMER EKBLAW ........................... Ill 



6. The Mackenzie Watershed; Northern Hudson Bay Region, 



Upper Yukon Region, and the Arctic Islands. E. A. PREBLE, 



U. S. Biological Survey ..................................... 115 



7. Alaska. W. H. OSGOOD, Field Museum ...................... 141 



8. The National Forests of the Alaskan District. JOHN D. 



GUTHRIE, United States Forest Service ..................... 147 



Section 2. Southern Canada and the United States ....................... 150 



A. States, Provinces and Forest Districts, Chiefly Coniferous Forest ____ 150 



1. British Columbia. JOHN DAVIDSON, University of British 



Columbia, P. Z. CAVERHILL, Provincial Forest Branch, 

 EDWARD A. PREBLE, United States Biological Survey, and 

 A. H. HUTCHINSON, University of British Columbia ........ 150 



2. Washington. G. B. RIGG, University of Washington, L. R. DICE, 



HELEN T. GAIGE, University of Michigan and HORACE GUN- 

 THORP, University of Washington .......................... 168 



3. Oregon. THORNTON T. MUNGER, United States Forest Service, 



WILLIAM E. LAWRENCE, Oregon Agricultural College, and 

 HOWARD M. WIGHT, Oregon Agricultural College ............ 181 



4. California. H. C. BRYANT, University of California ........... 193 



5. National Forests of the North Pacific District (6). J. V. HOF- 



MANN, Pennsylvania Forest School .......................... 202 



6.|National Forests of the Northern District (1). J. A. LARSEN, 



Iowa State College .......................................... 208 



7. National Forests of California. Vegetational Types. E. N. 



MUNNS, United States Forest Service ........................ 216 



8. National Forests of the Intermountain District (4). F. S. 



BAKER and S. B. LOCKE, United States Forest Service ........ |224 



9. National Forests of the Southwestern District (3). G. A. 



PEARSON, United States Forest Service ...................... 232 



10. National Forests of the Rocky Mountain District (2). C. G. 



BATES, United States Forest Service.. . 237 





