NATURAL AREAS AND REGIONS 



117 



balsam poplars (Populus tremuloides 

 and P. balsamifera), Banksian pine 

 (Pinus divaricata) (replaced in British 

 Columbia and Yukon by lodge-pole 

 pine (Pinus contorta)), and balsam fir 

 (Abies balsamea), which are common in 

 the southern part of the belt, and which 

 terminate, counting from the north, 

 in about the order given. With these 

 are associated, generally in the form of 

 undergrowth, a variety of shrubs, some 

 of which, also, have a continuous dis- 

 tribution through the forest zone, while 

 others are more or less restricted in 

 range. Some of the more conspicuous 

 of these are the following: creeping 

 juniper (Juniperus sabina), low juniper 

 (J. nana), a large variety of willows 

 (Salix), one (S. bebbiana) attaining the 

 dignity of a tree, but most being creeping 

 shrubs or low bushes, sweet gale (Myrica 

 gale), two hazels (Corylus americana 

 and C. rostrata) (southerly), dwarf 

 birches (Betula glandulosa and B. nana), 

 alders (Alnus), several currants and 

 gooseberies (Ribes), red raspberry (Rubus 

 strigosus), shrubby cinquefoil (Dasi- 

 phora fruticosa), wild rose (Rosa acicu- 

 laris), service berry (Amelanchier alni- 

 folia), cherries (Prunus pennsylvanica 

 and P. virginiana) crowberry (Empet- 

 rum nigrum), silverberry (Elaeagnus 

 argentea) buffalo berry (Lepargyrea 

 canadensis), dwarf cornel (Cornus cana- 

 densis), red-osier cornel (Cornus stolo- 

 nifera), Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandi- 

 cum), swamp laurel (Kalmia glauca), 

 wild rosemary (Andromeda polifolia), 

 leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), 

 red bearberry (Arctostaphylos uvaursi), 

 mountain cranberry (Vitisidaea vitisi- 

 daea), small cranberry (Oxy coccus oxy- 

 coccus), bog blueberry (Vaccinium uligi- 

 nosum), cranberry tree (Vivurnum 

 americanuni) (southerly), few-flowered 

 viburnum (V. pauciflorum), and 

 snowberry (Symphoricarpos racemosus) 

 (southerly). With these are associated 

 a great variety of herbaceous plants, 

 many of which bear flowers of great 

 beauty, a number of ferns, and a great 

 variety of mosses and lichens. 

 The more common and characteristic 



mammals of the great forest include 

 the following: 1 



Eastern moose (Alces americanus} 

 Eastern woodland caribou (Rangifer 



caribou) 



Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae) 

 Canadian woodchuck (Marmota monax 



canadensis) 

 Liard River chipmunk (Eutamias 



borealis) 

 Hudson Bay red squirrel (Sciurus hud- 



sonicus) 

 Hudson Bay flying squirrel (Glaucomys 



sabrinus) 

 Arctic white-footed mouse (Peromyscus 



m. borealis) 

 Mackenzie phenacomys (Phenacomys 



mackenzii) 

 Athabaska red-backed mouse (Evotomys 



gapperi athabascae) 

 Northern lemming vole (Synaptomys 



borealis) 



Drummond vole (Microtus drummondi) 

 Chestnut-cheeked vole (Microtus xan- 



thognathus) 

 Northwest muskrat (Fiber zibethicus 



spatulatus) 



Canadian beaver (Castor canadensis) 

 Hudson Bay jumping mouse (Zapus 



hudsonius) 



Canada porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) 

 Hudson Bay snowshoe hare (Lepus 



americanus) 



Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) 

 Gray wolf (Canis occidentalis) 

 British Columbia red fox (Vulpes 



alascensis abietorum) 

 Black bear (Ursus americanus) 

 Canadian otter (Lutra canadensis) 

 Western mink (Lutreola vison energu- 



menos) 

 Richardson weasel (Mustela cicognanii 



richardsoni) 



Least weasel (Mustela rixosa) 

 Alaska marten (Martes americana ac- 



tuosa) 



Fisher (Martes pennantii) 

 Hudson Bay wolverene (Gulo luscus) 

 Common eastern shrew (Sorex per- 



sonatus) 



Richardson shrew (Sorex richardsoni) 

 Marsh shrew (Neosorex palustris) 

 Alaska microsores (Microsorex eximius) 

 Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) 

 Hoary bat (Nycteris cinereus) 



Among birds the following may be 

 noted: 



Horned grebe 

 Loon 



1 These lists do not include certain West Coast 

 and Rocky Mountain species occurring in British 

 Columbia and Yukon, and which are listed under 

 those subdivisions. 



