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NATURALIST'S GUIDE TO THE AMERICAS 



Pacific loon 



Herring gull 



California gull 



Short-billed gull 



Bonaparte gull 



Common tern 



American merganser 



Mallard 



Baldpate 



Green-winged teal 



Pintail 



Lesser scaup duck 



Ring-necked duck 



American golden-eye 



Bufflehead 



Canada goose 



Little brown crane 



Sora rail 



Yellow rail 



American coot 



Wilson snipe 



Greater yellowlegs 



Yellowlegs 



Western solitary sandpiper 



Spotted sandpiper 



Hudsonian spruce grouse 



Gray ruffed grouse 



Sharp-tailed grouse 



Marsh hawk 



Sharp-skinned hawk 



Goshawk 



Western red-tailed hawk 



Golden eagle 



Bald eagle 



Duck hawk 



Pigeon hawk 



American sparrow hawk 



American osprey 



Long-eared owl 



Short-eared owl 



Great gray owl 



Richardson owl 



Arctic horned owl 



American hawk owl 



Belted kingfisher 



Northern hairy woodpecker 



Nelson downy woodpecker 



Arctic three-toed*woodpecker 



Banded-backed three-toed woodpecker 



Yellow-bellied sapsucker 



Northern flicker 



Nighthawk 



Kingbird 



Phoebe 



Olive-sided flycatcher 



Western wood pewee 



Alder flycatcher 



Least flycatcher 



Canada jay 



Northern raven 



Crow 



Cowbird 



Northern redwing 



Rusty blackbird 



Bronzed grackle 



Eastern pine grosbeak 



White-winged crossbill 

 Redpoll 



Western Savanna sparrow 

 Intermediate sparrow 

 White-throated sparrow 

 Western chipping sparrow 

 Slate-colored junco 

 Lincoln sparrow 

 Swamp sparrow 

 Fox sparrow 

 Louisiana tanager 

 Cliff swallow 

 Tree swallow 

 Bank swallow 

 Bohemian waxwing 

 Northern shrike 

 Red-eyed vireo 

 Western warbling viree 

 Blue-headed vireo 

 Black and white warbler 

 Orange-crowned warbler 

 Tennessee warbler 

 Yellow warbler 

 Myrtle warbler 

 Magnolia warbler 

 Bay-breasted warbler 

 Black-poll warbler 

 Palm warbler 

 Ovenbird 



Grinnell water-thrush 

 Wilson warbler 

 Redstart 



Red-breasted nuthatch 

 Long-tailed chickadee 

 Hudsonian chickadee 

 Golden-crowned kinglet 

 Ruby-crowned kinglet 

 Olive-backed thrush 

 Eastern hermit thrush 

 Robin 



2. Northern stunted timber (Hudso- 

 nian Zone) : Included in the great coni- 

 ferous forest and bordered on the north 

 by the Barren Grounds, there is a strip 

 of country from 100 to 200 mi. wide, 

 which is covered by forest somewhat 

 stunted and dwarfed (Hudsonian Zone). 

 In some places, where areas of fertile 

 soil, usually the valleys of northward- 

 flowing rivers, impinge closely on more 

 exposed areas of rocky ground, the tran- 

 sition from one type to another is well- 

 marked, while in others the change is 

 more gradual. 



In the Mackenzie region this belt has 

 no strictly characteristic mammals, 

 though the range of a red-backed vole 

 (Evotomys dawsoni) is practically con- 

 fined within its limits. Most of the 

 woodland mammals necessarily have 



